#700 - #820

one's fingers being all thumbs; the right hand forgets its
cunning; il se noyerait dans une goutte d'eau[Fr]; incidit in Scyllam qui
vult vitare Charybdim[Lat]; out of the frying pan into the fire; non omnia
possumus omnes [Lat][Vergil].

<-- p. 227 -->

#700. Proficient. -- N. proficient, expert, adept, dab; dabster[obs3],
crackerjack; connoisseur &c. (scholar) 492; master, master hand; prima
donna[Sp], first fiddle, top gun, chef de cuisine, top sawyer;
protagonist; past master; mahatma.
picked man; medallist, prizeman[obs3].
veteran; old stager, old campaigner, old soldier, old file, old hand;
man of business, man of the world.
nice hand, good hand, clean hand; practiced hand, experienced eye,
experienced hand; marksman; good shot, dead shot, crack shot; ropedancer,
funambulist[obs3], acrobat; cunning man; conjuror &c. (deceiver) 548;
wizard &c. 994.
genius; mastermind, master head, master spirit.
cunning blade, sharp blade, sharp fellow; jobber; cracksman &c.
(thief) 792[obs3]; politician, tactician, strategist.
pantologist[obs3], admirable Crichton, Jack of all trades; prodigy of
learning.


#701. Bungler. -- N. bungler; blunderer, blunderhead[obs3]; marplot,
fumbler, lubber, duffer, dauber, stick; bad hand, poor hand, poor shot;
butterfingers[obs3].
no conjurer, flat, muff, slow coach, looby[obs3], lubber, swab; clod,
yokel, awkward squad, blanc-bec; galoot[obs3].
land lubber; fresh water sailor, fair weather sailor; horse marine;
fish out of water, ass in lion's skin, jackdaw in peacock's feathers; quack
&c. (deceiver) 548; lord of misrule.
sloven, slattern, trapes[obs3].
amateur, novice, greenhorn (learner) 541.
Phr. il n'a pas invente' la poudre[Fr]; he will never set the Thames
on fire; acierta errando[Lat]; aliquis in omnibus nullus in
singulis[Lat][obs3].

#702. Cunning. -- N. cunning, craft; cunningness[obs3], craftiness &c.
adj.; subtlety, artificiality; maneuvering &c. v.; temporization;
circumvention.
chicane, chicanery; sharp practice, knavery, jugglery[obs3];
concealment &c. 528; guile, doubling, duplicity &c. (falsehood) 544; foul
play.
diplomacy, politics; Machiavelism; jobbery, backstairs influence.
art, artifice; device, machination; plot &c. (plan) 626; maneuver,
stratagem, dodge, sidestep, artful dodge, wile; trick, trickery &c.
(deception) 545; ruse, ruse de guerre[Fr]; finesse, side blow, thin end of
the wedge, shift, go by, subterfuge, evasion; white lie &c (untruth) 546;
juggle, tour de force; tricks of the trade, tricks upon travelers;
espieglerie[Fr]; net, trap &c. 545.
Ulysses, Machiavel, sly boots, fox, reynard; Scotchman; Jew, Yankee;
intriguer, intrigant[obs3]; floater [U.S.], Indian giver [U.S.], keener
[U.S.], repeater [U.S. politics].
V. be cunning &c. adj.; have cut one's eyeteeth; contrive &c (plan)
626; live by one's wits; maneuver; intrigue, gerrymander, finesse, double,
temporize, stoop to conquer, reculer pour mieux sauter[Fr], circumvent,
steal a march upon; overreach &c. 545; throw off one's guard; surprise &c.
508; snatch a verdict; waylay, undermine, introduce the thin end of the
wedge; play a deep game, play tricks with; ambiguas in vulgum spargere
voces[Lat]; flatter, make things pleasant; have an ax to grind.
dodge, sidestep, bob and weave.
Adj. cunning, crafty, artful; skillful &c. 698; subtle, feline,
vulpine; cunning as a fox, cunning as a serpent; deep, deep laid; profound;
designing, contriving; intriguing &c.v.; strategic, diplomatic, politic,
Machiavelian, timeserving[obs3]; artificial; tricky, tricksy[obs3]; wily,
sly, slim, insidious, stealthy; underhand &c (hidden) 528; subdolous[obs3];
deceitful &c. 545; slippery as an eel, evasive &c. 623; crooked; arch,
pawky[obs3], shrewd, acute; sharp, sharp as a tack, sharp as a needle|!;
canny, astute, leery, knowing, up to snuff, too clever by half, not to be
caught with chaff.
tactful, diplomatic, politic; polite &c. 894.
Adv. cunningly &c. adj.; slyly, slily[obs3], on the sly, by a side
wind.
Phr. diamond cut diamond; a' bis ou a blanc[Fr][obs3]; fin contre
fin[Fr]; "something is rotten in the state of Denmark" [Hamlet].

<-- p. 228 -->

#703. Artlessness. -- N. artlessness &c. adj; nature, simplicity;
innocence &c. 946; bonhomie, naivete, abandon, candor, sincerity;
singleness of purpose, singleness of heart; honesty &c. 939; plain
speaking; epanchement[Fr].
rough diamond, matter of fact man; le palais de verite[Fr]; enfant
terrible[Fr].
V. be artless &c. adj; look one in the face; wear one's heart upon his
sleeves for daws to peck at[obs3]; think aloud; speak out, speak one's
mind; be free with one, call a spade a spade.
Adj. artless, natural, pure, native, confiding, simple, lain,
inartificial[obs3], untutored, unsophisticated, ingenu[obs3], unaffected,
naive; sincere, frank; open, open as day; candid, ingenuous, guileless;
unsuspicious, honest &c. 939; innocent &c. 946; Arcadian[obs3];
undesigning, straightforward, unreserved, aboveboard; simple-minded,
single-minded; frank-hearted, open-hearted, single-hearted, simple-hearted.
free-spoken, plain-spoken, outspoken; blunt, downright, direct, matter
of fact, unpoetical[obs3]; unflattering.
Adv. in plain words, in plain English; without mincing the matter; not
to mince the matter &c. (affirmation) 535.
Phr. Davus sum non Oedipus [Terence]; liberavi animam meam[Lat]; "as
frank as rain on cherry blossoms" [E.B. Browning].


%
Section IV. ANTAGONISM

1. Conditional Antagonism
%

#704. Difficulty. -- N. difficulty; hardness &c. adj.;
impracticability &c. (impossibility) 471; tough work, hard work, uphill
work; hard task, Herculean task, Augean task[obs3]; task of Sisyphus,
Sisyphean labor, tough job, teaser, rasper[obs3], dead lift.
dilemma, embarrassment; deadlock; perplexity &c. (uncertainty) 475;
intricacy; entanglement, complexity &c. 59; cross fire; awkwardness,
delicacy, ticklish card to play, knot, Gordian knot, dignus vindice
nodus[Lat], net, meshes, maze; coil &c. (convolution) 248; crooked path;
involvement.
nice point, delicate point, subtle point, knotty point; vexed
question, vexata quaestio[Lat], poser; puzzle &c. (riddle) 533; paradox;
hard nut to crack, nut to crack; bone to pick,
crux, pons asinorum[Lat], where the shoe pinches.
nonplus, quandary, strait, pass, pinch, pretty pass, stress, brunt;
critical situation, crisis; trial, rub, emergency, exigency, scramble.
scrape, hobble, slough, quagmire, hot water, hornet's nest; sea of
troubles, peck of troubles; pretty kettle of fish; pickle, stew, imbroglio,
mess, ado; false position.
set fast, stand, standstill; deadlock, dead set.
fix, horns of a dilemma, cul de sac[Fr]; hitch; stumbling block &c
(hindrance) 706.
[difficult person] crab; curmudgeon.
V. be difficult &c. adj.; run one hard, go against the grain, try
one's patience, put one out; put to one's shifts, put to one's wit's end;
go hard with one, try one; pose, perplex &c. (uncertain) 475; bother,
nonplus, gravel, bring to a deadlock; be impossible &c. 471; be in the way
of &c (hinder) 706.
meet with difficulties; labor under difficulties; get into
difficulties; plunge into difficulties; struggle with difficulties; contend
with difficulties; grapple with difficulties; labor under a disadvantage;
be in difficulty &c. adj.
fish in troubled waters, buffet the waves, swim against the stream,
scud under bare poles.
Have much ado with, have a hard time of it; come to the push, come to
the pinch; bear the brunt.
grope in the dark, lose one's way, weave a tangled web, walk among
eggs.
get into a scrape &c. n.; bring a hornet's nest about one's ears; be
put to one's shifts; flounder, boggle, struggle; not know which way to turn
&c. (uncertain) 475; perdre son Latin[Fr]; stick at, stick in the mud,
stick fast; come to a stand, come to a standstill, come to a deadlock; hold
the wolf by the ears, hold the tiger by the tail.
render difficult &c. adj.; enmesh, encumber, embarrass, ravel,
entangle; put a spoke in the wheel &c. (hinder) 706; lead a pretty dance.
Adj. difficult, not easy, hard, tough; troublesome, toilsome, irksome;
operose[obs3], laborious, onerous, arduous, Herculean, formidable; sooner
said than done; more easily said than done, easier said than done.
[pertaining to person's disposition sensu 802] difficult to deal with,
hard to deal with; ill-conditioned, crabbed, crabby; not to be handled with
kid gloves, not made with rose water.
awkward, unwieldy, unmanageable; intractable, stubborn &c. (obstinate)
606; perverse, refractory, plaguy[obs3], trying, thorny, rugged; knotted,
knotty; invious|; pathless, trackless; labyrinthine &c (convoluted) 248;
intricate, complicated &c (tangled) 59; impracticable &c. (impossible) 471;
not feasible &c. 470; desperate &c. (hopeless) 859.
embarrassing, perplexing &c. (uncertain) 475; delicate, ticklish,
critical; beset with difficulties, full of difficulties, surrounded by
difficulties, entangled by difficulties, encompassed with difficulties.
under a difficulty; in a box; in difficulty, in hot water, in the
suds, in a cleft stick, in a fix, in the wrong box, in a scrape &c.n., in
deep water, in a fine pickle; in extremis; between two stools, between
Scylla and Charybdis; surrounded by shoals, surrounded by breakers,
surrounded by quicksands; at cross purposes; not out of the wood.
reduced to straits; hard pressed, sorely pressed; run hard; pinched,
put to it, straitened; hard up, hard put to it, hard set; put to one's
shifts; puzzled, at a loss, &c (uncertain) 475; at the end of one's tether,
at the end of one's rope, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus, at a
standstill; graveled, nonplused, nonplussed, stranded, aground; stuck fast,
set fast; up a tree, at bay, aux abois[Fr], driven into a corner, driven
from pillar to post, driven to extremity, driven to one's wit's end, driven
to the wall; au bout de son Latin; out of one's depth; thrown out.
accomplished with difficulty; hard-fought, hard-earned.
Adv. with difficulty, with much ado; barely, hardly &c. adj.; uphill;
against the stream, against the grain; d rebours[Fr]; invita Minerva[Lat];
in the teeth of; at a pinch, upon a pinch; at long odds, against long odds.
Phr. "ay there's the rub" [Hamlet]; hic labor hoc opus [Lat][Vergil];
things are come to a pretty pass, ab inconvenienti[Lat]; ad astra per
aspera[Lat]; acun chemin de fleurs ne conduit a la gloire[Fr].

<-- p. 229 -->

#705. Facility. -- N. facility, ease; easiness &c. adj.; capability;
feasibility &c. (practicability) 470; flexibility, pliancy &c. 324;
smoothness &c. 255.
plain sailing, smooth sailing, straight sailing; mere child's play,
holiday task; cinch [U.S.].
smooth water, fair wind; smooth royal road; clear coast, clear stage;
tabula rasa[Lat]; full play &c. (freedom) 748.
disencumbrance[obs3], disentanglement; deoppilation|!; permission &c.
760.
simplicity, lack of complication.
V. be easy &c. adj.; go on smoothly, run smoothly; have full play &c.
n.; go on all fours, run on all fours; obey the helm, work well.
flow with the stream, swim with the stream, drift with the stream, go
with the stream, flow with the tide, drift with the tide; see one's way;
have all one's own way, have the game in one's own hands; walk over the
course, win at a canter; make light of, make nothing of, make no bones of.
be at home in, make it look easy, do it with one's eyes closed, do it
in one's sleep &c. (skillful) 698.
render easy &c. adj.; facilitate, smooth, ease; popularize; lighten,
lighten the labor; free, clear; disencumber, disembarrass, disentangle,
disengage; deobstruct[obs3], unclog, extricate, unravel; untie the knot,
cut the knot; disburden, unload, exonerate, emancipate, free from,
deoppilate|!; humor &c. (aid) 707; lubricate &c. 332; relieve &c. 834.
leave a hole to creep out of, leave a loophole, leave the matter open;
give the reins to, give full play, give full swing; make way for; open the
door to, open the way, prepare the ground, smooth the ground, clear the
ground, open the way, open the path, open the road; pave the way, bridge
over; permit &c. 760.
Adj. easy, facile; feasible &c (practicable) 470; easily managed,
easily accomplished; within reach, accessible, easy of access, for the
million, open to.
manageable, wieldy; towardly[obs3], tractable; submissive; yielding,
ductile; suant[obs3]; pliant &c. (soft) 324; glib, slippery; smooth &c.
255; on friction wheels, on velvet.
unembarrassed, disburdened, unburdened, disencumbered, unencumbered,
disembarrassed; exonerated; unloaded, unobstructed, untrammeled;
unrestrained &c. (free) 748; at ease, light.
[able to do easily] at home with; quite at home; in one's element, in
smooth water; skillful &c. 698;accustomed &c. 613.
Adv. easily &c. adj.; readily, smoothly, swimmingly, on easy terms,
single-handed.
Phr. touch and go.

<-- p. 230 -->

#706. Hindrance. -- N. prevention, preclusion, obstruction, stoppage;
embolus, embolism [medical]; infarct [medical]; interruption,
interception, interclusion|; hindrance, impedition|; retardment[obs3],
retardation; embarrassment, oppilation|!; coarctation[obs3], stricture,
restriction; restraint &c. 751; inhibition &c. 761; blockade &c. (closure)
261.
interference, interposition; obtrusion; discouragement,
discountenance.
impediment, let, obstacle, obstruction, knot, knag[obs3]; check,
hitch, contretemps, screw loose, grit in the oil.
bar, stile, barrier;
[barrier to vehicles] turnstile, turnpike; gate, portcullis.
beaver dam; trocha[obs3]; barricade &c. (defense) 717; wall, dead
wall, sea wall, levee breakwater, groyne[obs3]; bulkhead, block, buffer;
stopper &c. 263; boom, dam, weir, burrock[obs3].
drawback, objection; stumbling-block, stumbling-stone; lion in the
path, snag; snags and sawyers.
encumbrance, incumbrance[obs3]; clog, skid, shoe, spoke; drag, drag
chain, drag weight; stay, stop; preventive, prophylactic; load, burden,
fardel[obs3], onus, millstone round one's neck, impedimenta; dead weight;
lumber, pack; nightmare, Ephialtes[obs3], incubus, old man of the sea;
remora.
difficulty &c. 704; insuperable &c. 471; obstacle; estoppel [Law]; ill
wind; head wind &c. (opposition) 708; trammel, tether &c. (means of
restraint) 752; hold back, counterpoise.
[person who hinders] damper, wet blanket, hinderer, marplot, killjoy;
party pooper[coll]; party crasher, interloper.
trail of a red herring; opponent &c. 710.
V. hinder, impede, filibuster [U.S.], impedite[obs3], embarrass.
keep off, stave off, ward off; obviate; avert, antevert|; turn aside,
draw off, prevent, forefend, nip in the bud; retard, slacken, check, let;
counteract, countercheck[obs3]; preclude, debar, foreclose, estop[Law];
inhibit &c. 761; shackle &c. (restrain) 751; restrict.
obstruct, stop, stay, bar, bolt, lock; block, block up; choke off;
belay, barricade; block the way, bar the way, stop the way; forelay[obs3];
dam up &c. (close) 261; put on the brake &c. n.; scotch the wheel, lock the
wheel, put a spoke in the wheel; put a stop to &c. 142; traverse,
contravene; interrupt, intercept; oppose &c. 708; hedge in, hedge round;
cut off; inerclude|.
interpose, interfere, intermeddle &c. 682.
cramp, hamper; clog, clog the wheels; cumber; encumber, incumber;
handicap; choke; saddle with, load with; overload, lay; lumber, trammel,
tie one's hands, put to inconvenience; incommode, discommode; discompose;
hustle, corner, drive into a corner.
run foul of, fall foul of; cross the path of, break in upon.
thwart, frustrate, disconcert, balk, foil; faze, feaze[obs3], feeze
[obs3][U.S.]; baffle, snub, override, circumvent; defeat &c. 731; spike
guns &c. (render useless) 645; spoil, mar, clip the wings of; cripple &c.
(injure) 659; put an extinguisher on; damp; dishearten &c (dissuade) 616;
discountenance, throw cold water on, spoil sport; lay a wet blanket, throw
a wet blanket on; cut the ground from under one, take the wind out of one's
sails, undermine; be in the way of, stand in the way of; act as a drag;
hang like a millstone round one's neck.
Adj. hindering &c. v.; obstructive, obstruent[obs3]; impeditive[obs3],
impedient[obs3]; intercipient|; prophylactic &c. (remedial) 662;
impedimentary.
in the way of, unfavorable; onerous, burdensome; cumbrous, cumbersome;
obtrusive.
hindered &c v.; windbound[obs3], waterlogged, heavy laden; hard
pressed.
unassisted &c. (see assist &c. 707); single-handed, alone; deserted
&c. 624.
Phr. occurrent nubes[Lat].

<-- p. 231 -->

#707. Aid. -- N. aid, aidance[obs3]; assistance, help, opitulation|,
succor; support, lift, advance, furtherance, promotion; coadjuvancy &c.
(cooperation) 709[obs3].
patronage, championship, countenance, favor, interest, advocacy.
sustentation, subvention, alimentation, nutrition, nourishment;
eutrophy; manna in the wilderness; food &c. 298; means &c. 632.
ministry, ministration; subministration[obs3]; accommodation.
relief, rescue; help at a dead lift; supernatural aid; deus ex
machina[Lat].
supplies, reinforcements, reenforcements[obs3], succors, contingents,
recruits; support &c. (physical) 215; adjunct, ally &c. (helper) 711.
V. aid, assist, help, succor, lend one's aid; come to the aid &c. n.
of; contribute, subscribe to; bring aid, give aid, furnish aid, afford aid,
supply aid &c. n.; give a helping hand, stretch a hand, lend a helping
hand, lend a hand, bear a helping hand, hold out a hand, hold out a helping
hand; give one a life, give one a cast, give one a turn; take by the hand,
take in tow; help a lame dog over a stile, lend wings to.
relieve, rescue; set up, set agoing[obs3], set on one's legs; bear
through, pull through; give new life to, be the making of; reinforce,
reenforce, recruit; set forward, put forward, push forward; give a lift,
give a shove, give an impulse to; promote, further, forward, advance
expedite, speed, quicken, hasten.
support, sustain, uphold, prop, hold up, bolster.
cradle, nourish; nurture, nurse, dry nurse, suckle, put out to nurse;
manure, cultivate, force; foster, cherish, foment; feed the flame, fan the
flame.
serve; do service to, tender to, pander to; administer to, subminister
to[obs3], minister to; tend, attend, wait on; take care of &c. 459;
entertain; smooth the bed of death.
oblige, accommodate, consult the wishes of; humor, cheer, encourage.
second, stand by; back, back up; pay the piper, abet; work for, make
interest for, stick up for, take up the cudgels for; take up the cause of,
espouse the cause of, adopt the cause of; advocate, beat up for recruits,
press into the service; squire, give moral support to, keep in countenance,
countenance, patronize; lend oneself to, lend one's countenance to; smile
upon, shine upon; favor, befriend, take in hand, enlist under the banners
of; side with &c. (cooperate) 709.
be of use to; subserve &c. (instrument) 631; benefit &c. 648; render a
service &c. (utility) 644; conduce &c. (tend) 176.
Adj. aiding &c. v.; auxiliary, adjuvant, helpful; coadjuvant &c.
709[obs3]; subservient, ministrant, ancillary, accessory, subsidiary.
at one's beck, at one's beck and call; friendly, amicable, favorable,
propitious, well-disposed; neighborly; obliging &c. (benevolent) 906.
Adv. with the aid, by the aid &c. of; on behalf of, in behalf of; in
aid of, in the service of, in the name of, in favor of, in furtherance of;
on account of; for the sake of, on the part of; non obstante[Lat].
Int. help! save us! to the rescue!
Phr. alterum alterius auxilio eget [Lat][Sallust]; "God befriend us as
our cause is just" [Henry IV]; at your service.

<-- p. 232 -->

#708. Opposition. -- N.. opposition, antagonism; oppugnancy[obs3],
oppugnation[obs3]; impugnation|!; contrariety; contravention; counteraction
&c. 179; counterplot.
cross fire, undercurrent, head wind.
clashing, collision, conflict.
competition, two of a trade, rivalry, emulation, race.
absence of aid &c. 708; resistance &c. 719; restraint &c. 751;
hindrance &c. 706.
V. oppose, counteract, run counter to; withstand &c. (resist) 719;
control &c. (restrain) 751; hinder &c. 706; antagonize, oppugn, fly in the
face of, go dead against, kick against, fall afoul of, run afoul of; set
against, pit against; face, confront, cope with; make a stand, make a dead
set against; set oneself against, set one's face against; protest against,
vote against, raise one's voice against; disfavor, turn one's back upon;
set at naught, slap in the face, slam the door in one's face.
be at cross purposes; play at cross purposes; counterwork[obs3],
countermine; thwart, overthwart[obs3]; work against, undermine.
stem, breast, encounter; stem the tide, breast the tide, stem the
current, stem the flood; buffet the waves; beat up against, make head
against; grapple with; kick against the pricks &c. (resist) 719; contend
&c. 720; do battle &c. (warfare) 722 -with, do battle against.
contradict, contravene; belie; go against, run against, beat against,
militate against; come in conflict with.
emulate &c. (compete) 720; rival, spoil one's trade.
Adj. opposing, opposed &c.v.; adverse, antagonistic; contrary &c. 14;
at variance &c. 24; at issue, at war with.
unfavorable, unfriendly; hostile, inimical, cross, unpropitious.
in hostile array, front to front, with crossed bayonets, at daggers
drawn; up in arms; resistant &c. 719.
competitive, emulous.
Adv. against, versus, counter to, in conflict with, at cross purposes.
against the grain, against the current, against the stream, against
the wind, against the tide; with a headwind; with the wind ahead, with the
wind in one's teeth.
in spite, in despite, in defiance; in the way, in the teeth of, in the
face of; across; athwart, overthwart[obs3]; where the shoe pinches; in
spite of one's teeth.
though &c. 30; even; quand meme[Fr]; per contra.
Phr. nitor in adversum[Lat].

#709. Cooperation. -- N. cooperation; coadjuvancy[obs3],
coadjutancy[obs3]; coagency[obs3], coefficiency[obs3]; concert,
concurrence, complicity, participation; union &c. 43; additivity,
combination &c. 48; collusion.
association, alliance, colleagueship[obs3],
joint stock, copartnership[obs3]; cartel; confederation &c. (party)
712; coalition, fusion; a long pull a strong pull and a pull all together;
logrolling, freemasonry.
unanimity &c. (assent) 488; esprit de corps, party spirit;
clanship[obs3], partisanship; concord &c 714.
synergy, coaction[obs3].
V. cooperate, concur; coact[obs3], synergize.
conduce &c. 178; combine, unite one's efforts; keep together, draw
together, pull together, club together, hand together, hold together,
league together, band together, be banded together; pool; stand shoulder to
shoulder, put shoulder to shoulder; act in concert, join forces,
fraternize, cling to one another, conspire, concert, lay one's heads
together; confederate, be in league with; collude, understand one another,
play into the hands of, hunt in couples.
side with, take side with, go along with, go hand in hand with, join
hands with, make common cause with, strike in with, unite with, join with,
mix oneself up with, take part with, cast in one's lot with; join
partnership, enter into partnership with; rally round, follow the lead of;
come to, pass over to, come into the views of; be in the same boat, row in
the same boat; sail in the same boat; sail on the same tack.
be a party to, lend oneself to; chip in; participate; have a hand in,
have a finger in the pie; take part in, bear part in; second &c. (aid) 707;
take the part of, play the game of; espouse a cause, espouse a quarrel.
Adj. cooperating &c. v.; in cooperation &c.n., in league &c. (party)
712; coadjuvant[obs3], coadjutant[obs3]; dyed in the wool; cooperative;
additive; participative; coactive[obs3], synergetic, synergistic.
favorable &c. 707 to; unopposed &c. 708.
Adv. as one &c. (unanimously) 488; shoulder to shoulder;
synergistically; cooperatively.
Phr. due teste valgono piu che una sola [It].

<-- p. 233 -->

#710. Opponent. -- N. opponent, antagonist, adversary; adverse party,
opposition; enemy &c. 891; the other side; assailant.
oppositionist, obstructive; brawler, wrangler, brangler[obs3],
disputant; filibuster [U.S.], obstructionist.
malcontent; Jacobin, Fenian; demagogue, reactionist[obs3].
rival, competitor.
bete noir[Fr].

#711. Auxiliary. -- N. auxiliary; recruit; assistant; adjuvant,
adjutant; ayudante[obs3], coaid[obs3]; adjunct; help, helper, help mate,
helping hand; midwife; colleague, partner, mate, confrere, cooperator;
coadjutor, coadjutrix[obs3]; collaborator.
ally; friend &c. 890, confidant, fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], pal, buddy,
alter ego.
[criminal law] confederate; accomplice; complice; accessory, accessory
after the fact; particeps criminis[Lat]; socius criminis[Lat].
aide-de-camp, secretary, clerk, associate, marshal; right-hand, right-
hand man, Friday, girl Friday, man Friday, gopher, gofer; candle-holder,
bottle-holder; handmaid; servant &c. 746; puppet, cat's-paw, jackal|!.
tool, dupe, stooge, ame damnee[Fr]; satellite, adherent.
votary; sectarian, secretary; seconder, backer, upholder, abettor,
advocate, partisan, champion, patron, friend at court, mediator; angel
[theater, entertainment].
friend in need, Jack at a pinch, deus ex machina[Lat], guardian angel,
tutelary genius.

#712. Party. -- N. party, faction, side, denomination, communion, set,
crew, band. horde, posse, phalanx; family, clan, &c. 166; team; tong.
council &c. 696.
community, body, fellowship, sodality, solidarity; confraternity;
familistere[obs3], familistery[obs3]; brotherhood, sisterhood.
knot, gang, clique, ring, circle, group, crowd, in-crowd; coterie,
club, casino|!; machine; Tammany, Tammany Hall [U.S.].
corporation, corporate body, guild; establishment, company;
copartnership[obs3], partnership; firm, house; joint concern, joint-stock
company; cahoot, combine [U.S.], trust.
society, association; institute, institution; union; trades union;
league, syndicate, alliance, Verein[Ger], Bund[Ger], Zollverein[Ger],
combination; Turnverein[Ger]; league offensive and defensive, alliance
offensive and defensive; coalition; federation; confederation, confederacy;
junto, cabal, camarilla[obs3], camorra[obs3], brigue|; freemasonry; party
spirit &c. (cooperation) 709.
Confederates, Conservatives, Democrats, Federalists, Federals,
Freemason, Knight Templar; Kuklux, Kuklux Klan, KKK; Liberals, Luddites,
Republicans, Socialists, Tories, Whigs &c.
staff; dramatis personae[Lat].
V. unite, join; club together &c. (cooperate) 709; cement a party,
form a party &c. n.; associate &c. (assemble) 72; enleague[obs3],
federalize, go cahoots.
Adj. in league, in partnership, in alliance &c. n.
bonded together, banded together, linked &c. (joined) 43- together;
embattled; confederated, federative, joint.
Adv. hand in hand, side by side, shoulder to shoulder, en masse, in the
same boat.

#713. Discord. -- N. disagreement &c. 24; discord, disaccord[obs3],
dissidence, dissonance; jar, clash, shock; jarring, jostling &c. v.; screw
loose.
variance, difference, dissension, misunderstanding, cross purposes,
odds, brouillerie[Fr]; division, split, rupture, disruption, division in
the camp, house divided against itself, disunion, breach; schism &c.
(dissent) 489; feud, faction.
quarrel, dispute, tiff, tracasserie[obs3], squabble, altercation,
barney *[obs3], demel, snarl, spat, towrow[obs3], words, high words;
wrangling &c. v.; jangle, brabble[obs3], cross questions and crooked
answers, snip-snap; family jars.
polemics; litigation; strife &c. (contention) 720; warfare &c. 722;
outbreak, open rupture, declaration of war.
broil, brawl, row, racket, hubbub, rixation|; embroilment,
embranglement[obs3], imbroglio, fracas, breach of the peace, piece of
work[Fr], scrimmage, rumpus; breeze, squall; riot, disturbance &c
(disorder) 59; commotion &c. (agitation) 315; bear garden, Donnybrook,
Donnybrook Fair.
subject of dispute, ground of quarrel, battle ground, disputed point;
bone of contention, bone to pick; apple of discord, casus belli[Lat];
question at issue &c. (subject of inquiry) 461; vexed question, vexata
quaestio[Lat], brand of discord.
troublous times[obs3]; cat-and-dog life; contentiousness &c. adj.;
enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; Kilkenny cats; disputant &c. 710; strange
bedfellows.
V. be discordant &c. adj.; disagree, come amiss &c. 24; clash, jar,
jostle, pull different ways, conflict, have no measures with, misunderstand
one another; live like cat and dog; differ; dissent &c. 489; have a bone to
pick, have a crow to pluck with.
fall out, quarrel, dispute; litigate; controvert &c. (deny) 536;
squabble, wrangle, jangle, brangle[obs3], bicker, nag; spar &c. (contend)
720; have words &c. n. with; fall foul of.
split; break with, break squares with, part company with; declare war,
try conclusions; join issue, put in issue; pick a quarrel, fasten a quarrel
on; sow dissension, stir up dissension &c. n.; embroil, entangle, disunite,
widen the breach; set at odds, set together by the ears; set against, pit
against.
get into hot water, fish in troubled waters, brawl; kick up a row,
kick up a dust; turn the house out of window.
Adj. discordant; disagreeing &c. v.; out of tune, ajar, on bad terms,
dissentient &c. 489; unreconciled, unpacified; contentious &c. 720.
quarrelsome, unpacific[obs3]; gladiatorial, controversial, polemic,
disputatious; factious; litigious, litigant; pettifogging.
at odds, at loggerheads, at daggers drawn, at variance, at issue, at
cross purposes, at sixes and sevens, at feud, at high words; up in arms,
together by the ears, in hot water, embroiled.
torn, disunited.
Phr. quot homines tot sententiae [Lat][Terence]; no love lost between
them, non nostrum tantas componere lites [Lat][Vergil]; Mars gravior sub
pace latet [Lat][Claudius].

<-- p. 234 -->

#714. Concord. -- N. concord, accord, harmony, symphony; homologue;
agreement &c. 23; sympathy, empathy &c. (love) 897; response; union,
unison, unity; bonds of harmony; peace &c. 721; unanimity &c. (assent) 488;
league &c. 712; happy family.
rapprochement; reunion; amity &c. (friendship) 888; alliance, entente
cordiale[Fr], good understanding, conciliation, peacemaker; intercessor,
mediator.
V. agree &c. 23; accord, harmonize with; fraternize; be -concordant
&c. adj.; go hand in hand; run parallel &c. (concur) 178; understand one
another, pull together &c. (cooperate) 709; put up one's horses together,
sing in chorus.
side with, sympathize with, go with, chime in with, fall in with; come
round; be pacified &c. 723; assent &c. 488; empathize with, enter into the
ideas of, enter into the feelings of; reciprocate.
hurler avec les loups[Fr]; go with the stream, swim with the stream.
keep in good humor, render accordant, put in tune; come to an
understanding, meet halfway; keep the peace, remain at peace.
Adj. concordant, congenial; agreeing &c.v.; in accord &c. n.;
harmonious, united, cemented; banded together &c. 712; allied; friendly &c.
888; fraternal; conciliatory; at one with; of one mind &c. (assent) 488.
at peace, in still water; tranquil &c. (pacific) 721.
Adv. with one voice &c. (assent) 488; in concert with, hand in hand;
on one's side.
Phr. commune periculum concordiam parit[Lat][obs3].


#715. Defiance. -- N. defiance; daring &. v.; dare; challenge,
cartel|!; threat &c. 909; war cry, war whoop.
chest-beating, chest-thumping; saber rattling.
V. defy, dare, beard; brave &c. (courage) 861; bid defiance to; set at
defiance, set at naught; hurl defiance at; dance the war dance, beat the
war drums; snap the fingers at, laugh to scorn; disobey &c. 742.
show fight, show one's teeth, show a bold front; bluster, look big,
stand akimbo, beat one's chest; double the fist, shake the fist; threaten
&c. 909.
challenge, call out; throw down the gauntlet, fling down the gauntlet,
fling down the gage, fling down the glove, throw down the glove.
Adj. defiant; defying &c. v.;"with arms akimbo".
Adv. in defiance of, in the teeth of; under one's very nose.
Int. do your worst! come if you dare! come on! marry come up! hoity
toity|!
Phr. noli me tangere[Lat]; nemo me impune lacessit[Lat]; don't tread
on me; don't you dare; don't even think of it; "Go ahead, make my day!"
[Dirty Harry].

<-- p. 235 -->

#716. Attack. -- N. attack; assault, assault and battery; onset,
onslaught, charge.
aggression, offense; incursion, inroad, invasion; irruption; outbreak;
estrapade[obs3], ruade[obs3]; coupe de main, sally, sortie, camisade[obs3],
raid, foray; run at, run against; dead set at.
storm, storming; boarding, escalade[obs3]; siege, investment,
obsession|!, bombardment, cannonade.
fire, volley; platoon fire, file fire; fusillade; sharpshooting,
broadside; raking fire, cross fire; volley of grapeshot, whiff of the
grape, feu d'enfer [Fr].
cut, thrust, lunge, pass, passado[obs3], carte and tierce[Fr][obs3],
home thrust; coupe de bec[Fr]; kick, punch &c. (impulse) 276.
battue[obs3], razzia[obs3], Jacquerie, dragonnade[obs3]; devastation
&c. 162; eboulement[Fr].
assailant, aggressor, invader.
base of operations, point of attack; echelon.
V. attack, assault, assail; invade; set upon, fall upon; charge,
impugn, break a lance with, enter the lists.
assume the offensive, take the offensive; be the aggressor, become the
aggressor; strike the first blow, draw first blood, throw the first stone
at; lift a hand against, draw the sword against; take up the cudgels;
advance against, march against; march upon, harry; come on, show fight.
strike at, poke at, thrust at; aim a blow at, deal a blow at; give one
a blow, fetch one a blow, fetch one a kick, give one a kick; have a cut at,
have a shot at, take a cut at, take a shot at, have a fling at, have a shy
at; be down upon, pounce upon; fall foul of, pitch into, launch out
against; bait, slap on the face; make a thrust at, make a pass at, make a
set at, make a dead set at; bear down upon.
close with, come to close quarters;
bring to bay.
ride full tilt against; attack tooth and nail, go at hammer and tongs.
let fly at, dash at, run a tilt at, rush at, tilt at, run at, fly at,
hawk at, have at, let out at; make a dash, make a rush at; strike home;
drive one hard; press one hard; be hard upon, run down, strike at the root
of.
lay about one, run amuck.
aim at, draw a bead on [U.S.].
fire upon, fire at, fire a shot at; shoot at, pop at, level at, let
off a gun at; open fire, pepper, bombard, shell, pour a broadside into;
fire a volley, fire red-hot shot; spring a mine.
throw a stone, throw stones at; stone, lapidate[obs3], pelt; hurl at,
hurl against, hurl at the head of; rock
beset[U.S.], besiege, beleaguer; lay siege to, invest, open the
trenches, plant a battery, sap, mine; storm, board, scale the walls.
cut and thrust, bayonet, butt; kick, strike &c. (impulse) 276; whip
&c. (punish) 972.
[attack verbally] assail, impugn; malign (detract) 934.
bomb, rocket, blast.
Adj. attacking &c.v.; aggressive, offensive, obsidional[obs3].
up in arms.
Adv. on the offensive.
Int. "up and at them!"
Phr. "the din of arms, the yell of savage rage, the shriek of agony,
the groan of death" [Southey]; "their fatal hands no second stroke intend"
[Paradise Lost]; "thirst for glory quells the love of life" [Addison].

#717. Defense -- N. defense, protection, guard, ward; shielding &c.v.;
propugnation|, preservation &c. 670; guardianship.
area defense; site defense.
self-defense, self-preservation; resistance &c. 719.
safeguard &c. (safety) 664; balistraria[obs3]; bunker, screen &c.
(shelter) 666; camouflage &c. (concealment) 530; fortification; munition,
muniment[obs3]; trench, foxhole; bulwark, fosse[obs3], moat, ditch,
entrenchment, intrenchment[obs3]; kila[obs3]; dike, dyke; parapet, sunk
fence, embankment, mound, mole, bank, sandbag, revetment; earth work,
field-work; fence, wall dead wall, contravallation[obs3]; paling &c.
(inclosure) 232; palisade, haha, stockade, stoccado[obs3], laager[obs3],
sangar[obs3]; barrier, barricade; boom; portcullis, chevaux de frise[Fr];
abatis, abattis[obs3], abbatis[obs3]; vallum[obs3], circumvallation[obs3],
battlement, rampart, scarp; escarp[obs3], counter-scarp; glacis,
casemate[obs3]; vallation[obs3], vanfos[obs3].
buttress, abutment; shore &c. (support) 215.
breastwork, banquette, curtain, mantlet[obs3], bastion, redan[obs3],
ravelin[obs3]; vauntmure[obs3]; advance work, horn work, outwork;
barbacan[obs3], barbican; redoubt; fort-elage[Fr], fort-alice; lines.
loophole, machicolation[obs3]; sally port.
hold, stronghold, fastness; asylum &c. (refuge) 666; keep, donjon,
dungeon, fortress, citadel, capitol, castle; tower of strength, tower of
strength; fort, barracoon[obs3], pah[obs3], sconce, martello tower[obs3],
peelhouse[obs3], blockhouse, rath[obs3]; wooden walls.
[body armor] bulletproof vest, armored vest, buffer, corner stone,
fender, apron, mask, gauntlet, thimble, carapace, armor, shield, buckler,
aegis, breastplate, backplate[obs3], cowcatcher, face guard, scutum[obs3],
cuirass, habergeon[obs3], mail, coat of mail, brigandine[obs3], hauberk,
lorication[obs3], helmet, helm, bassinet, salade[obs3], heaume[obs3],
morion[obs3], murrion[obs3], armet[obs3], cabaset[obs3], vizor[obs3],
casquetel[obs3], siege cap, headpiece, casque, pickelhaube, vambrace[obs3],
shako &c. (dress) 225.
bearskin; panoply; truncheon &c. (weapon) 727.
garrison, picket, piquet; defender, protector; guardian &c. (safety)
664; bodyguard, champion; knight-errant, Paladin; propugner[obs3].
bulletproof window.
hardened site.
V. defend, forfend, fend; shield, screen, shroud; engarrison[obs3];
fend round &c. (circumscribe) 229; fence, entrench, intrench[obs3]; guard
&c. (keep safe) 664; guard against; take care of &c. (vigilance) 459; bear
harmless; fend off, keep off, ward off, beat off, beat back; hinder &c.
706.
parry, repel, propugn[obs3], put to flight; give a warm reception to
[ironical]; hold at bay, keep at bay, keep arm's length.
stand on the defensive, act on the defensive; show fight; maintain
one's ground, stand one's ground; stand by; hold one's own; bear the brunt,
stand the brunt; fall back upon, hold, stand in the gap.
Adj. defending &c.v.; defensive; mural|!; armed, armed at all points,
armed cap-a-pie, armed to the teeth; panoplied[obs3]; iron-plated,
ironclad; loopholed, castellated, machicolated[obs3], casemated[obs3];
defended &c.v.; proof against.
armored, ballproof|!, bulletproof; hardened.
Adv. defensively; on the defense, on the defensive; in defense; at
bay, pro aris et focis[obs3][Lat].
Int. no surrender!
Phr. defense not defiance; Dieu defend le droit [Fr]; fidei defensor
[Lat: defender of the faith].

<-- p. 236 -->

#718. Retaliation. -- N. retaliation, reprisal, retort, payback;
counter-stroke, counter-blast, counterplot, counter-project; retribution,
lex talionis[Lat]; reciprocation &c. (reciprocity) 12.
tit for tat, give and take, blow for blow, quid pro quo, a Roland for
an Oliver, measure for measure, diamond cut diamond, the biter bit, a game
at which two can play; reproof valiant, retort courteous.
recrimination &c. (accusation) 938; revenge &c. 919; compensation &c.
30; reaction &c. (recoil) 277.
V. retaliate, retort, turn upon; pay, pay off, pay back; pay in one's
own coin, pay in the same coin; cap; reciprocate &c. 148; turn the tables
upon, return the compliment; give a quid pro quo &c. n., give as much as
one takes, give as good as one gets; give and take, exchange fisticuffs; be
quits, be even with; pay off old scores.
serve one right, be hoist on one's own petard, throw a stone in one's
own garden, catch a Tartar.
Adj. retaliating &c. v.; retaliatory, retaliative; talionic[obs3].
Adv. in retaliation; en revanche.
Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur [Lat][Horace]; par pari
refero [Lat][Terence]; tu quoque[Lat: you too]; you're another; suo sibi
gladio hunc jugulo [Lat]; a beau jeu beau retour[Fr]; litem [Lat]. . . lite
resolvit [Lat][Horace].

#719. Resistance. -- N. resistance, stand, front, oppugnation[obs3];
oppugnancy[obs3]; opposition &c. 708; renitence[obs3], renitency;
reluctation[obs3], recalcitration[obs3]; kicking &c. v.
repulse, rebuff.
insurrection &c. (disobedience) 742; strike; turn out, lock out,
barring out; levee en masse[Fr], Jacquerie; riot &c. (disorder) 59.
V. resist; not submit &c. 725; repugn[obs3], reluct, reluctate[obs3],
withstand; stand up against, strive against, bear up under, bear up
against, be proof against, make head against; stand, stand firm, stand
one's ground, stand the brunt of, stand out; hold one's grounds, hold one's
own, hold out, hold firm.
breast the wave, breast the current; stem the tide, stem the torrent;
face, confront, grapple with; show a bold front &c. (courage) 861; present
a front; make a stand, take one's stand.
kick, kick against; recalcitrate[obs3], kick against the pricks;
oppose &c. 708; fly in the face of; lift the hand against &c. (attack) 716;
rise up in arms &c. (war) 722; strike, turn out; draw up a round robin &c.
(remonstrate) 932; revolt &c. (disobey) 742; make a riot.
prendre le mors aux dents [French: take the bit between the teeth];
sell one's life dearly, die hard, keep at bay; repel, repulse.
Adj. resisting &c.v.; resistive, resistant; refractory &c.
(disobedient) 742; recalcitrant, renitent; up in arms.
repulsive, repellant.
proof against; unconquerable &c. (strong) 159; stubborn, unconquered;
indomitable &c. (persevering) 604a; unyielding &c. (obstinate) 606.
Int. hands off! keep off!

<-- p. 237 -->

#720. Contention. -- N. contention, strife; contest,
contestation[obs3]; struggle; belligerency; opposition &c. 708.
controversy, polemics; debate &c. (discussion) 476; war of words,
logomachy[obs3], litigation; paper war; high words &c. (quarrel) 713;
sparring &c. v.
competition, rivalry; corrivalry[obs3], corrivalship[obs3], agonism|,
concours[obs3], match, race, horse racing, heat, steeple chase, handicap;
regatta; field day; sham fight, Derby day; turf, sporting, bullfight,
tauromachy[obs3], gymkhana[obs3]; boat race, torpids[obs3].
wrestling, greco-roman wrestling; pugilism, boxing, fisticuffs, the
manly art of self-defense; spar, mill, set-to, round, bout, event, prize
fighting; quarterstaff, single stick; gladiatorship[obs3], gymnastics;
jiujitsu, jujutsu, kooshti[obs3], sumo; athletics, athletic sports; games
of skill &c. 840.
shindy[obs3]; fracas &c. (discord) 713; clash of arms; tussle,
scuffle, broil, fray; affray, affrayment|; velitation|; colluctation|,
luctation[obs3]; brabble[obs3], brigue|, scramble, melee, scrimmage,
stramash[obs3], bushfighting[obs3].
free fight, stand up fight, hand to hand, running fight.
conflict, skirmish; rencounter[obs3], encounter; rencontre[obs3],
collision, affair, brush, fight; battle, battle royal; combat, action,
engagement, joust, tournament; tilt, tilting [medieval times];
tournay[obs3], list; pitched battle.
death struggle, struggle for life or death, life or death struggle,
Armageddon[obs3].
hard knocks, sharp contest, tug of war.
naval engagement, naumachia[obs3], sea fight.
duel, duello[It]; single combat, monomachy[obs3], satisfaction,
passage d'armes[Fr], passage of arms, affair of honor; triangular duel;
hostile meeting, digladiation[obs3]; deeds of arms, feats of arms; appeal
to arms &c. (warfare) 722.
pugnacity; combativeness &c. adj.; bone of contention &c. 713.
V. contend; contest, strive, struggle, scramble, wrestle; spar,
square; exchange blows, exchange fisticuffs; fib|!, justle[obs3], tussle,
tilt, box, stave, fence; skirmish; pickeer[obs3]; fight &c. (war) 722;
wrangle &c. (quarrel) 713.
contend &c. with, grapple with, engage with, close with, buckle with,
bandy with, try conclusions with, have a brush &c. n. with, tilt with;
encounter, fall foul of, pitch into, clapperclaw[obs3], run a tilt at;
oppose &c. 708; reluct.
join issue, come to blows, go to loggerheads, set to, come to the
scratch, exchange shots, measure swords, meet hand to hand; take up the
cudgels, take up the glove, take up the gauntlet; enter the lists; couch
one's lance; give satisfaction; appeal to arms &c. (warfare) 722.
lay about one; break the peace.
compete with, cope with, vie with, race with; outvie[obs3], emulate,
rival; run a race; contend &c. for, stipulate for, stickle for; insist
upon, make a point of.
Adj. contending &c. v.; together by the ears, at loggerheads at war at
issue.
competitive, rival; belligerent; contentious, combative, bellicose,
unpeaceful[obs3]; warlike &c. 722; quarrelsome &c. 901; pugnacious;
pugilistic, gladiatorial; palestric[obs3], palestrical[obs3].
Phr. a verbis ad verbera[Lat]; a word and a blow; "a very pretty
quarrel as it stands" [Sheridan]; commune periculum concordiam parit[Lat];
lis litem generat[Lat].


#721. Peace. -- N. peace; amity &c. (friendship) 888; harmony &c.
(concord) 714; tranquility, calm &c. (quiescence) 265; truce, peace treaty,
accord &c. (pacification) 723; peace pipe, pipe of peace, calumet of peace.
piping time of peace, quiet life; neutrality.
[symbol of peace] dove of peace, white dove.
[person who favors peace] dove.
pax Romana[Lat]; Pax Americana[Lat][obs3].
V. be at peace; keep the peace &c. (concord) 714.
make peace &c. 723.
Adj. pacific; peaceable, peaceful; calm, tranquil, untroubled,
halcyon; bloodless; neutral.
dovish
Phr. the storm blown over; the lion lies down with the lamb; "all
quiet on the Potomac"; paritur pax bello [Lat][Nepos]; "peace hath her
victories no less renowned than war" [Milton]; "they make a desert and they
call it peace".

<-- p. 238 -->

#722. Warfare. -- N. warfare; fighting &c.v.; hostilities; war, arms,
the sword; Mars, Bellona, grim visaged war, horrida bella[Lat]; bloodshed.
appeal to arms, appeal to the sword; ordeal of battle; wager of
battle; ultima ratio regum[Lat], arbitrament of the sword.
battle array, campaign, crusade, expedition, operations; mobilization;
state of siege; battlefield, theater of operations &c. (arena) 728;
warpath.
art of war, tactics, strategy, castrametation[obs3]; generalship;
soldiership; logistics; military evolutions, ballistics, gunnery; chivalry.
gunpowder, shot.
battle, tug of war &c. (contention) 720; service, campaigning, active
service, tented field; kriegspiel[Ger], Kriegsspiel[Ger]; fire cross,
trumpet, clarion, bugle, pibroch[obs3], slogan; war-cry, war-whoop; battle
cry, beat of drum, rappel, tom-tom; calumet of war; word of command;
password, watchword; passage d-armes[Fr].
war to the death, war to the knife; guerre a mort[Fr], guerre a
outrance[Fr][obs3]; open war, internecine war, civil war.
V. arm; raise troops, mobilize troops; raise up in arms; take up the
cudgels &c. 720; take up arms, fly to arms, appeal to arms, fly to the
sword; draw the sword, unsheathe the sword; dig up the hatchet, dig up the
tomahawk; go to war, wage war, 'let slip the dogs of war' [Julius Caesar];
cry havoc; kindle the torch of war, light the torch of war; raise one's
banner, raise the fire cross; hoist the black flag; throw away, fling away
the scabbard; enroll, enlist; take the field; take the law into one's own
hands; do battle, give battle, join battle, engage in battle, go to battle;
flesh one's sword; set to, fall to, engage, measure swords with, draw the
trigger, cross swords; come to blows, come to close quarters; fight;
combat; contend &c. 720; battle with, break a lance with.
[pirates engage in battle] raise the jolly roger, run up the jolly
roger.
serve; see service, be on service, be on active service; campaign;
wield the sword, shoulder a musket, smell powder, be under fire; spill
blood, imbrue the hands in blood; on the warpath.
carry on war, carry on hostilities; keep the field; fight the good
fight; fight it out, fight like devils, fight one's way, fight hand to
hand; sell one's life dearly; pay the ferryman's fee.
Adj. contending, contentious &c. 720; armed, armed to the teeth, armed
cap-a-pie; sword in hand; in arms, under arms, up in arms; at war with;
bristling with arms; in battle array, in open arms, in the field;
embattled; battled.
unpacific[obs3], unpeaceful[obs3]; belligerent, combative,
armigerous[obs3], bellicose, martial, warlike; military, militant; soldier-
like, soldierly.
chivalrous; strategical, internecine.
Adv. flagrante bello[Lat], in the thick of the fray, in the cannon's
mouth; at the sword's point, at the point of the bayonet.
Int. vae victis[Lat]! to arms! to your tents O Israel!
Phr. the battle rages; a la guerre comme a la guerre[Fr]; bis peccare
in bello non licet[Lat][obs3]; jus gladii[Lat]; "my voice is still for war"
[Addison]; "'tis well that war is so terrible, otherwise we might grow fond
of it" [Robert E. Lee]; "my sentence is for open war" [Milton]; "pride,
pomp, and circumstance of glorious war" [Othello]; "the cannons have their
bowels full of wrath" [King John]; "the cannons . . .spit forth their iron
indignation" [King John]; "the fire-eyed maid of smoky war" [Henry IV];
silent leges inter arma [Lat][Cicero]; si vis pacem para bellum[Lat].

#723. Pacification. -- N. pacification, conciliation; reconciliation,
reconcilement; shaking of hands, accommodation, arrangement, adjustment;
terms, compromise; amnesty, deed of release.
peace offering; olive branch; calumet of peace, preliminaries of
peace.
truce, armistice; suspension of arms, suspension of hostilities,
stand-down; breathing time; convention; modus vivendi[Lat]; flag of truce,
white flag, parlementaire[Fr], cartel|!.
hollow truce, pax in bello[Lat]; drawn battle.
V. pacify, tranquilize, compose; allay &c. (moderate) 174; reconcile,
propitiate, placate, conciliate, meet halfway, hold out the olive branch,
heal the breach, make peace, restore harmony, bring to terms.
settle matters, arrange matters, accommodate matters, accommodate
differences; set straight; make up a quarrel, tantas componere lites[Lat];
come to an understanding, come to terms; bridge over, hush up; make it,
make matters up; shake hands; mend one's fences [U.S.].
raise a siege, lift a siege; put up the sword, sheathe the sword; bury
the hatchet, lay down one's arms, turn swords into plowshares; smoke the
calumet of peace, close the temple of Janus; keep the peace &c. (concord)
714; be pacified &c.; come round.
Adj. conciliatory; composing &c.v.; pacified &c.v.
Phr. requiescat in pace[Lat].

<-- p. 239 -->

#724. Mediation. -- N. mediation, mediatorship[obs3],
mediatization[obs3]; intervention, interposition, interference,
intermeddling, intercession; arbitration; flag of truce &c. 723; good
offices, peace offering;
parley, negotiation; diplomatics[obs3], diplomacy; compromise &c. 774.
[person who mediates] mediator, arbitrator, intercessor, peacemaker,
makepeace[obs3], negotiator, go-between; diplomatist &c. (consignee) 758;
moderator; propitiator; umpire.
V. mediate, mediatize[obs3]; intercede, interpose, interfere,
intervene; step in, negotiate; meet halfway; arbitrate; magnas componere
lites[Lat].
bargain &c. 794
Adj. mediatory.

#725. Submission. -- N. submission, yielding; nonresistance; obedience
&c. 743.
surrender, cession, capitulation, resignation; backdown[obs3].
obeisance, homage, kneeling, genuflexion[obs3], courtesy, curtsy,
kowtow, prostration.
V. succumb, submit, yeild, bend, resign, defer to.
lay down one's arms, deliver up one's arms; lower colors, haul down
colors, strike one's flag, strike colors.
surrender, surrender at discretion; cede, capitulate, come to terms,
retreat, beat a retreat; draw in one's horns &c. (humility) 879; give way,
give round, give in, give up; cave in; suffer judgment by default; bend,
bend to one's yoke, bend before the storm; reel back; bend down, knuckle
down, knuckle to, knuckle under; knock under.
eat dirt, eat the leek, eat humble pie; bite the dust, lick the dust;
be at one's feet, fall at one's feet; craven; crouch before, throw oneself
at the feet of; swallow the leek, swallow the pill; kiss the rod; turn the
other cheek; avaler les couleuvres[Fr], gulp down.
obey &c. 743; kneel to, bow to, pay homage to, cringe to, truckle to;
bend the neck, bend the knee; kneel, fall on one's knees, bow submission,
courtesy, curtsy, kowtow.
pocket the affront; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; grin
and abide, grin and bear it, shrug the shoulders, resign oneself; submit
with a good grace &c. (bear with) 826.
Adj. surrendering &c. v.; submissive, resigned, crouching;
downtrodden; down on one's marrow bones; on one's bended knee; unresistant,
unresisting, nonresisting; pliant &c. (soft) 324; undefended.
untenable, indefensible; humble &c. 879.
Phr. have it your own way; it can't be helped; amen &c. (assent) 488;
da locum melioribus[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat].


#726. Combatant. -- N. combatant; disputant, controversialist,
polemic, litigant, belligerent; competitor, rival, corrival[obs3]; fighter,
assailant; champion, Paladin; mosstrooper[obs3], swashbuckler fire eater,
duelist, bully, bludgeon man, rough.
prize fighter, pugilist, boxer, bruiser, the fancy, gladiator,
athlete, wrestler; fighting-cock, game-cock;
warrior, soldier, fighting man, Amazon, man at arms, armigerent[obs3];
campaigner, veteran; swordsman, sabreur[obs3], redcoat, military man,
Rajput.
armed force, troops, soldiery, military forces, sabaoth[obs3], the
army, standing army, regulars, the line, troops of the line, militia,
yeomanry, volunteers, trainband, fencible[obs3]; auxiliary,
bersagliere[obs3], brave; garde-nationale, garde-royale[Fr]; minuteman [Am.
Hist.]; auxiliary forces, reserve forces; reserves, posse comitatus[Lat],
national guard, gendarme, beefeater; guards, guardsman; yeomen of the
guard, life guards, household troops.
janissary; myrmidon; Mama, Mameluke; spahee[obs3], spahi[obs3],
Cossack, Croat, Pandoz.
irregular, guerilla, partisan, condottiere[obs3]; franctireur[Fr],
tirailleur[obs3], bashi-bazouk; vietminh[guerilla organization names:
list], vietcong; shining path; contras; huk, hukbalahap.
mercenary, soldier of fortune; hired gun, gunfighter, gunslinger;
bushwhacker, free lance, companion; Hessian.
hit man[criminals specializing in violence: see bad man], torpedo,
soldier.
levy, draught; Landwehr[Ger], Landsturm[Ger]; conscript, recruit,
cadet, raw levies.
infantry, infantryman, private, private soldier, foot soldier; Tommy
Atkins[obs3], rank and file, peon, trooper, sepoy[obs3], legionnaire,
legionary, cannon fodder, food for powder; officer &c. (commander) 745;
subaltern, ensign, standard bearer; spearman, pikeman[obs3]; spear bearer;
halberdier[obs3], lancer; musketeer, carabineer[obs3], rifleman,
jager[Ger], sharpshooter, yager[obs3], skirmisher; grenadier,
fusileer[obs3]; archer, bowman.
horse and foot; horse soldier; cavalry, horse, artillery, horse
artillery, light horse, voltigeur[Fr], uhlan, mounted rifles, dragoon,
hussar; light dragoon, heavy dragoon; heavy; cuirassier[Fr]; Foot Guards,
Horse Guards.
gunner, cannoneer, bombardier, artilleryman[obs3], matross[obs3];
sapper, sapper and miner; engineer; light infantry, rifles,chasseur[Fr],
zouave; military train, coolie.
army, corps d'armee[Fr], host, division, battalia[obs3], column, wing,
detachment, garrison, flying column, brigade, regiment, corps, battalion,
sotnia[obs3], squadron, company, platoon, battery, subdivision, section,
squad; piquet, picket, guard, rank, file; legion, phalanx, cohort; cloud of
skirmishers.
war horse, charger, destrier.
marine, man-of-war's man &c. (sailor) 269; navy, wooden walls, naval
forces, fleet, flotilla, armada, squadron.
[ships of war] man-of-war; destroyer; submarine; minesweeper; torpedo-
boat, torpedo-destroyer; patrol torpedo boat, PT boat; torpedo-catcher, war
castle, H.M.S.; battleship, battle wagon, dreadnought, line of battle
ship, ship of the line; aircraft carrier, carrier. flattop[coll.];
helicopter carrier; missile platform, missile boat; ironclad, turret ship,
ram, monitor, floating battery; first-rate, frigate, sloop of war,
corvette, gunboat, bomb vessel; flagship, guard ship, cruiser; armored
cruiser, protected cruiser; privateer.
[supporting ships] tender; store ship, troop ship; transport,
catamaran; merchant marine.

<-- p. 240 -->

#727. Arms. -- N. arm, arms; weapon, deadly weapon; armament,
armaments, armature; panoply, stand of arms; armor &c. (defense) 717;
armory &c. (store) 636; apparatus belli[Lat].
ammunition; powder, powder and shot; cartridge; ball cartridge,
cartouche, fireball; "villainous saltpeter" [Hen. IV]; dumdum bullet.
explosive; gunpowder, guncotton; mercury fulminate; picrates;
pentaerythritol tetranitrate[ISA:chemsub][Chemsub], PETN.
high explosive; trinitrotoluene, TNT; dynamite, melinite[obs3],
cordite, lyddite, plastic explosive, plastique; pyroxyline[obs3].
[knives and swords: list] sword, saber, broadsword, cutlass,
falchion[obs3], scimitar, cimeter[obs3], brand, whinyard, bilbo,
glaive[obs3], glave[obs3], rapier, skean, Toledo, Ferrara, tuck, claymore,
adaga[obs3], baselard[obs3], Lochaber ax, skean dhu[obs3], creese[obs3],
kris, dagger, dirk, banger[obs3], poniard, stiletto, stylet[obs3], dudgeon,
bayonet; sword-bayonet, sword-stick; side arms, foil, blade, steel; ax,
bill; pole-ax, battle-ax; gisarme[obs3], halberd, partisan, tomahawk, bowie
knife[obs3]; ataghan[obs3], attaghan[obs3], yataghan[obs3]; yatacban[obs3];
assagai, assegai[obs3]; good sword, trusty sword, naked sword; cold steel.
club, mace, truncheon, staff, bludgeon, cudgel, life preserver,
shillelah, sprig; hand staff, quarter staff; bat, cane, stick, knuckle
duster; billy, blackjack, sandbag, waddy[obs3].
gun, piece[Fr]; firearms; artillery, ordnance; siege train, battering
train; park, battery; cannon, gun of position, heavy gun, field piece[Fr],
mortar, howitzer, carronade[obs3], culverin[obs3], basilisk; falconet,
jingal[obs3], swivel, pederero[obs3], bouche a feu[Fr]; petard, torpedo;
mitrailleur[Fr], mitrailleuse[Fr]; infernal machine; smooth bore, rifled
cannon, Armstrong gun[obs3], Lancaster gun, Paixhan gun, Whitworth gun,
Parrott gun, Krupp gun, Gatling gun, Maxim gun, machine gun; pompom[obs3];
ten pounder.
small arms; musket, musketry, firelock[obs3], fowling piece[Fr],
rifle, fusil[obs3], caliver[obs3], carbine, blunderbuss, musketoon[obs3],
Brown Bess, matchlock, harquebuss[obs3], arquebus, haguebut[obs3]; pistol,
postolet[obs3]; petronel; small bore; breach-loader, muzzle-loader;
revolver, repeater; Minis rifle, Enfield rifle, Flobert rifle, Westley
Richards rifle, Snider rifle, Martini-Henry rifle, Lee-Metford rifle, Lee-
Enfield rifle, Mauser rifle, magazine rifle; needle gun, chassepot[obs3];
wind gun, air gun; automatic gun, automatic pistol; escopet[obs3],
escopette[obs3], gunflint, gun-lock; hackbut[obs3], shooter, shooting iron
* [U.S.], six-shooter [U.S.], shotgun; Uzzi, assault rifle, Kalashnikov.
bow, crossbow, balister[obs3], catapult, sling; battering ram &c.
(impulse) 276; gunnery; ballistics &c. (propulsion) 284.
missile, bolt, projectile, shot, ball; grape; grape shot, canister
shot, bar shot, cannon shot, langrel shot[obs3], langrage shot[obs3], round
shot, chain shot; balista[obs3], ballista[obs3], slung shot,
trebucbet[obs3], trebucket[obs3]; bullet, slug, stone, brickbat, grenade,
shell, bomb, carcass, rocket; congreve[obs3], congreve rocket[obs3];
shrapnel, mitraille[Fr]; levin bolt[obs3], levin brand[obs3]; thunderbolt.
pike, lance, spear, spontoon[obs3], javelin, dart, jereed[obs3],
jerid[obs3], arrow, reed, shaft, bolt, boomerang, harpoon, gaff;
eelspear[obs3], oxgoad[obs3], weet-weet, wommerah[obs3]; cattle prod;
chemical mace.
Phr. en flute; nervos belli pecuniam infinitam[Lat].

<-- p. 241 -->

#728. Arena. -- N. arena, field, platform; scene of action, theater;
walk, course; hustings; stare, boards &c. (playhouse) 599; amphitheater;
Coliseum, Colosseum; Flavian amphitheater, hippodrome, circus, race course,
corso[Sp], turf, cockpit, bear garden, playground, gymnasium, palestra,
ring, lists; tiltyard[obs3], tilting ground; Campus Martins, Champ de
Allars[obs3]; campus [U.S.].
boxing ring, canvas.
theater of war, seat of war; battle-field, battle-ground; field of
battle, field of slaughter; Aceldama[obs3], camp; the enemy's camp;
trusting place &c. (place of meeting) 74.

%
Section V. RESULTS OF VOLUNTARY ACTION
%

#729. Completion. -- N. completion, accomplishment, achievement,
fulfillment; performance, execution; despatch, dispatch; consummation,
culmination; finish, conclusion; close &c. (end) 67; terminus &c. (arrival)
292; winding up; finale, denouement, catastrophe, issue, upshot, result;
final touch, last touch, crowning touch, finishing touch, finishing stroke;
last finish, coup de grace; crowning of the edifice; coping-stone,
keystone; missing link &c. 53; superstructure, ne plus ultra[Lat], work
done, fait accompli[Fr].
elaboration; finality; completeness &c. 52.
V. effect[transitive], effectuate; accomplish, achieve, compass,
consummate, hammer out; bring to maturity, bring to perfection; perfect,
complete; elaborate.
do, execute, make; go through, get through; work out, enact; bring
about, bring to bear, bring to pass, bring through, bring to a head.
despatch, dispatch; knock off, finish off, polish off; make short work
of; dispose of, set at rest; perform, discharge, fulfill, realize; put in
practice, put in force; carry out, carry into effect, carry into execution;
make good; be as good as one's word.
do thoroughly, not do by halves, go the whole hog; drive home; be in at
the death &c. (persevere) 604a; carry through, play out, exhaust; fill the
bill [U.S.].
finish, bring to a close &c. (end) 67; wind up, stamp, clinch, seal,
set the seal on, put the seal; give the final touch &c.n. to; put the last,
put the finishing hand to, put the finishing touches on; crown, crown all;
cap.
[intransitive] ripen, culminate; come to a head, come to a crisis;
come to its end; die a natural death, die of old age; run its course, run
one's race; touch the goal, reach the goal, attain the goal; reach &c.
(arrive) 292; get in the harvest.
Adj. completing, final; concluding, conclusive; crowning &c. v.;
exhaustive.
done, completed &c. v.; done for, sped, wrought out; highly wrought
&c. (preparation) 673; thorough &c. 52; ripe &c. (ready) 673.
Adv. completely &c.(thoroughly) 52; to crown all, out of hand.
Phr. the race is run; actum est[Lat]; finis coronat opus[Lat];
consummatum est[Lat]; c'en est fait[Fr]; it is all over; the game is played
out, the bubble has burst; aussitot dit aussitot fait[Fr]; aut non tentaris
aut perfice [Lat][Ovid].

#730. Noncompletion. -- N. noncompletion, nonfulfillment; shortcoming
&c. 304; incompleteness &c. 53; drawn battle, drawn game; work of Penelope.
nonperformance, inexecution[obs3]; neglect &c. 460.
V. not complete &c. 729; leave unfinished &c. adj., leave undone,
drop, put down; neglect &c. 460; let alone, let slip; lose sight of
(forget) 506.
fall short of &c. 304; do things by halves, parboil, scotch the snake
not lull it; hang fire; be slow to; collapse &c. 304.
drop out.
Adj. not completed &c. v.; incomplete &c. 53; uncompleted, unfinished,
unaccomplished, unperformed, unexecuted; sketchy, addle.
in progress, in hand; ongoing, going on, proceeding; on one's hands;
on the anvil; in the fire, in the oven.
parboiled, half-baked.
Adv. re infecta[Lat].

<-- p. 242 -->

#731. Success. -- N. success, successfulness; speed; advance &c.
(progress) 282.
trump card; hit, stroke, score; lucky hit, fortunate hit, good hit,
good stroke; direct hit, bull's eye; goal, point, touchdown; home run,
homer, hole-in-one, grand slam; killing[make money], windfall bold stroke,
master stroke; ten strike [U.S.]; coup de maitre[Fr], checkmate; half the
battle, prize; profit &c. (acquisition) 775.
continued success; good fortune &c. (prosperity) 734; time well spent.
advantage over; upper hand, whip hand; ascendancy, mastery;
expugnation|, conquest, victory, subdual[obs3]; subjugation &c.
(subjection) 749.
triumph &c. (exultation) 884; proficiency &c. (skill) 698.
conqueror, victor, winner; master of the situation, master of the
position, top of the heap, king of the hill; achiever, success, success
story.
V. succeed; be successful &c. adj.; gain one's end, gain one's ends;
crown with success.
gain a point, attain a point, carry a point, secure a point, win a
point, win an object; get there *[U.S.]; manage to, contrive to; accomplish
&c. (effect, complete) 729; do wonders, work wonders; make a go of it.
come off well, come off successful, come off with flying colors; make
short work of; take by storm, carry by storm; bear away the bell; win one's
wings, win one's spurs, win the battle; win the day, carry the day, gain
the day, gain the prize, gain the palm; have the best of it, have it all
one's own way, have the game in one's owns hands, have the ball at one's
feet, have one on the hop; walk over the course; carry all before one,
remain in possession of the field; score a success.
speed; make progress &c. (advance) 282; win one's way, make one's way,
work one's way, find one's way; strive to some purpose; prosper &c. 734;
drive a roaring trade; make profit &c. (acquire) 775; reap the fruits,
gather the fruits, reap the benefit of, reap the harvest; strike oil *
[U.S.], gain a windfall; make one's fortune, get in the harvest, turn to
good account; turn to account &c. (use) 677.
triumph, be triumphant; gain a victory, obtain a victory, gain an
advantage; chain victory to one's car; nail a coonskin to the wall.
surmount a difficulty, overcome a difficulty, get over a difficulty,
get over an obstacle &c. 706; se tirer d'affaire[Fr]; make head against;
stem the torrent, stem the tide, stem the current; weather the storm,
weather a point; turn a corner, keep one's head above water, tide over;
master; get the better of, have the better of, gain the better of, gain the
best of, gain the upper hand, gain the ascendancy, gain the whip hand, gain
the start of; distance; surpass &c. (superiority) 33.
defeat, conquer, vanquish, discomfit; euchre; overcome, overthrow,
overpower, overmaster, overmatch, overset[obs3], override, overreach;
outwit, outdo, outflank, outmaneuver, outgeneral, outvote; take the wind
out of one's adversary's sails; beat, beat hollow; rout, lick, drub, floor,
worst; put down, put to flight, put to the rout, put hors de combat[Fr],
put out of court.
silence, quell, nonsuit[obs3], checkmate, upset, confound, nonplus,
stalemate, trump; baffle &c. (hinder) 706; circumvent, elude; trip up, trip
up the heels of; drive into a corner, drive to the wall; run hard, put
one's nose out of joint.
settle, do for; break the neck of, break the back of; capsize, sink,
shipwreck, drown, swamp; subdue; subjugate &c. (subject) 749; reduce; make
the enemy bite the dust; victimize, roll in the dust, trample under foot,
put an extinguisher upon.
answer, answer the purpose; avail, prevail, take effect, do, turn out
well, work well, take, tell, bear fruit; hit it, hit the mark, hit the
right nail on the head; nick it; turn up trumps, make a hit; find one's
account in.
Adj. succeeding &c. v.; successful; prosperous &c. 734; triumphant;
flushed with success, crowned with success; victorious, on top; set up; in
the ascendant; unbeaten &c. (see beat &c. v.); well-spent; felicitous,
effective, in full swing.
Adv. successfully &c. adj.; well flying colors, in triumph,
swimmingly; a merveille[Fr], beyond all hope; to some purpose, to good
purpose; to one's heart's content.
Phr. veni vidi vici[Lat], the day being one's own, one's star in the
ascendant; omne tulit punctum[Lat].
bis vincit qui se vincit in victoria[obs3][Lat]; cede repugnanti
cedendo victor abibis [Lat][Ovid]; chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune[Fr];
dies faustus[Lat]; l'art de vaincre est celui de mepriser la mort[Fr];
omnia vincit amor [Lat: love conquers all]; "peace hath her victories no
less renowned than war" [Milton]; "the race by vigor not by vaunts is won"
[Pope]; vincit qui patitur[Lat]; vincit qui se vincit[Lat]; "The race is
not always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, but that's the way
to bet" [Mark Twain].

<-- p. 243 -->

#732. Failure. -- N. failure; nonsuccess[obs3], nonfulfillment; dead
failure, successlessness[obs3]; abortion, miscarriage; brutum fulmen &c.
158[Lat]; labor in vain &c. (inutility) 645; no go; inefficacy[obs3];
inefficaciousness &c. adj.; vain attempt, ineffectual attempt, abortive
attempt, abortive efforts; flash in the pan, "lame and impotent conclusion"
[Othello]; frustration; slip 'twixt cup and lip &c. (disappointment) 509.
blunder &c. (mistake) 495; fault, omission, miss, oversight, slip,
trip, stumble, claudication|, footfall; false step, wrong step; faux
pas[Fr], titubation[obs3], bvue[Fr], faute[Fr], lurch; botchery &c. (want
of skill) 699[obs3]; scrape, mess, fiasco, breakdown; flunk [U.S.].
mishap &c. (misfortune) 735; split, collapse, smash, blow, explosion.
repulse, rebuff, defeat, rout, overthrow, discomfiture; beating,
drubbing; quietus, nonsuit[obs3], subjugation; checkmate, stalemate, fool's
mate.
fall, downfall, ruin, perdition; wreck &c. (destruction) 162;
deathblow; bankruptcy &c. (nonpayment) 808.
losing game, affaire flambe.
victim; bankrupt; flunker[obs3], flunky [U.S.].
V. fail; be unsuccessful &c. adj.; not succeed &c. 731; make vain
efforts &c.n.; do in vain, labor in vain, toil in vain; flunk [U.S.]; lose
one's labor, take nothing by one's motion; bring to naught, make nothing
of; wash a blackamoor white &c. (impossible) 471; roll the stones of
Sisyphus &c. (useless) 645; do by halves &c. (not complete) 730; lose
ground &c. (recede) 282; fall short of &c. 304.
miss, miss one's aim, miss the mark, miss one's footing, miss stays;
slip, trip, stumble; make a slip &c., n. blunder &c. 495, make a mess of,
make a botch of; bitch it|, miscarry, abort, go up like a rocket and come
down like the stick, come down in flames, get shot down, reckon without
one's host; get the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong sow by the ear &c.
(blunder, mismanage) 699.
limp, halt, hobble, titubate[obs3]; fall, tumble; lose one's balance;
fall to the ground, fall between two stools; flounder, falter, stick in the
mud, run aground, split upon a rock; beat one's head against a stone wall,
run one's head against a stone wall, knock one's head against a stone wall,
dash one's head against a stone wall; break one's back; break down, sink,
drown, founder, have the ground cut from under one; get into trouble, get
into a mess, get into a scrape; come to grief &c. (adversity) 735; go to
the wall, go to the dogs, go to pot; lick the dust, bite the dust; be
defeated &c. 731; have the worst of it, lose the day, come off second best,
lose; fall a prey to; succumb &c. (submit) 725; not have a leg to stand on.
come to nothing, end in smoke; flat out |; fall to the ground, fall
through, fall dead, fall stillborn, fall flat; slip through one's fingers;
hang fire, miss fire; flash in the pan, collapse; topple down &c. (descent)
305; go to wrack and ruin &c. (destruction) 162.
go amiss, go wrong, go cross, go hard with, go on a wrong tack; go on
ill, come off ill, turn out ill, work ill; take a wrong term, take an ugly
term; take an ugly turn, take a turn for the worse.
be all over with, be all up with; explode; dash one's hopes &c.
(disappoint) 509; defeat the purpose; sow the wind and reap the whirlwind,
jump out of the frying pan into the fire, go from the frying pan into the
fire.
Adj. unsuccessful, successless[obs3]; failing, tripping &c.v.; at
fault; unfortunate &c. 735.
abortive, addle, stillborn; fruitless, bootless; ineffectual,
ineffective, inconsequential, trifling, nugatory; inefficient &c.
(impotent) 158; insufficient &c. 640; unavailing &c. (useless) 645; of no
effect.
aground, grounded, swamped, stranded, cast away, wrecked, foundered,
capsized, shipwrecked, nonsuited[obs3]; foiled; defeated &c. 731; struck
down, borne down, broken down; downtrodden; overborne, overwhelmed; all up
with; ploughed, plowed, plucked.
lost, undone, ruined, broken; bankrupt &c. (not paying) 808; played
out; done up, done for; dead beat, ruined root and branch, flambe[obs3],
knocked on the head; destroyed &c. 162.
frustrated, crossed, unhinged, disconcerted dashed; thrown off one's
balance, thrown on one's back, thrown on one's beam ends|; unhorsed, in a
sorry plight; hard hit.
stultified, befooled[obs3], dished, hoist on one's own petard;
victimized, sacrificed.
wide of the mark &c. (error) 495; out of one's reckoning &c.
(inexpectation) 508[obs3]; left in the lurch; thrown away &c. (wasted) 638;
unattained; uncompleted &c. 730.
Adv. unsuccessfully &c. adj.; to little or no purpose, in vain, re
infecta[Lat].
Phr. the bubble has burst, "the jig is up", "the game is up"
[Cymbeline]; all is lost; the devil to pay; parturiunt montes &c.
(disappointment) 509[Lat]; dies infaustus[Lat]; tout est perdu hors
l'honneur[Fr].

#733. Trophy. -- N. trophy; medal, prize, palm, award; laurel,
laurels; bays, crown, chaplet, wreath, civic crown; insignia &c. 550;
feather in one's cap &c. (honor) 873; decoration &c. 877; garland,
triumphal arch, Victoria Cross, Iron Cross.
triumph &c. (celebration) 883; flying colors &c. (show) 882.
monumentum aere perennius [Lat][obs3][Hor.].
Phr. "for valor."

<-- p. 244 -->

<-- break out luck from prosperity -->
#734. Prosperity. -- N. prosperity, welfare, well-being; affluence
&c. (wealth) 803; success &c. 731; thrift, roaring trade; good fortune,
smiles of fortune; blessings, godsend.
luck; good luck, run of luck; sunshine; fair weather, fair wind; palmy
days, bright days, halcyon days; piping times, tide, flood, high tide.
Saturnia regna[Lat], Saturnian age; golden time, golden age; bed of
roses, fat city [coll.]; fat of the land, milk and honey, loaves and
fishes.
made man, lucky dog, enfant gate[Fr], spoiled child of fortune.
upstart, parvenu, skipjack[obs3], mushroom.
V. prosper, thrive, flourish; be prosperous &c adj.; drive a roaring
trade, do a booming business; go on well, go on smoothly, go on swimmingly;
sail before the wind, swim with the tide; run smooth, run smoothly, run on
all fours.
rise in the world, get on in the world; work one's way, make one's
way; look up; lift one's head, raise one's head, make one's fortune,
feather one's nest, make one's pile.
flower, blow, blossom, bloom, fructify, bear fruit, fatten.
keep oneself afloat; keep one's head above water, hold one's head
above water; land on one's feet, light on one's feet, light on one's legs,
fall on one's legs, fall on one's feet; drop into a good thing; bear a
charmed life; bask in the sunshine; have a good time of it, have a fine
time of it; have a run of luck; have the good fortune &c. n. to; take a
favorable turn; live on the fat of the land, live off the fat of the land,
live in clover.
Adj. prosperous; thriving &c. v.; in a fair way, buoyant; well off,
well to do, well to do in the world; set up, at one's ease; rich &c. 803;
in good case; in full, in high feather; fortunate, lucky, in luck; born
with a silver spoon in one's mouth, born under a lucky star; on the sunny
side of the hedge.
auspicious, propitious, providential.
palmy, halcyon; agreeable &c. 829; couleur de rose[Fr].
Adv. prosperously &c. adj.; swimmingly; as good luck would have it;
beyond all hope.
Phr. one's star in the ascendant, all for the best, one's course runs
smooth.
chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune[Fr]; donec eris felix multos
numerabis amicos [Lat][Ovid]; felicitas multos habet amicos[Lat]; felix se
nescit amari [Lat][Lucan]; 'good luck go with thee' [Henry V]; nulli est
homini perpetuum bonum [Lat][Plautus].

#735. Adversity. -- N. adversity, evil &c. 619; failure &c. 732; bad
luck, ill luck, evil luck, adverse luck, hard fortune, hard hap, hard luck,
hard lot; frowns of fortune; evil dispensation, evil star, evil genius|;
vicissitudes of life, ups and downs of life, broken fortunes; hard case,
hard lines, hard life; sea of troubles; peck of troubles; hell upon earth;
slough of despond.
trouble, hardship, curse, blight, blast, load, pressure.
pressure of the times, iron age, evil day, time out of joint; hard
times, bad times, sad times; rainy day, cloud, dark cloud, gathering
clouds, ill wind; visitation, infliction; affliction &c. (painfulness) 830;
bitter pill; care, trial; the sport of fortune.
mishap, mischance, misadventure, misfortune; disaster, calamity,
catastrophe; accident, casualty, cross, reverse, check, contretemps, rub;
backset[obs3], comedown, setback [U.S.].
losing game; falling &c. v.; fall, downfall; ruination, ruinousness;
undoing; extremity; ruin &c. (destruction) 162.
V. be ill off &c. adj.; go hard with; fall on evil, fall on evil days;
go on ill; not prosper &c. 734.
go downhill, go to rack and ruin &c. (destruction) 162, go to the
dogs; fall, fall from one's high estate; decay, sink, decline, go down in
the world; have seen better days; bring down one's gray hairs with sorrow
to the grave; come to grief; be all over, be up with; bring a wasp's nest
about one's ears, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears.
Adj. unfortunate, unblest[obs3], unhappy, unlucky; improsperous[obs3],
unprosperous; hoodooed [U.S.]; luckless, hapless; out of luck; in trouble,
in a bad way, in an evil plight; under a cloud; clouded; ill off, badly
off; in adverse circumstances; poor &c. 804; behindhand, down in the world,
decayed, undone; on the road to ruin, on its last legs, on the wane; in
one's utmost need.
planet-struck, devoted; born under an evil star, born with a wooden
ladle in one's mouth; ill-fated, ill-starred, ill-omened.
adverse, untoward; disastrous, calamitous, ruinous, dire, deplorable.

#736. Mediocrity. -- N. moderate circumstances, average
circumstances; respectability; middle classes; mediocrity; golden mean &c.
(mid-course) 628, (moderation) 174.
V. jog on; go fairly, go quietly, go peaceably, go tolerably, go
respectably, get on fairly, get on quietly, get on peaceably, get on
tolerably, get on respectably.

<-- p. 245 -->
%
DIVISION (II) INTERSOCIAL VOLITION

SECTION I. GENERAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
%
<-- Implying the action of the will of one mind over the will of another.
-->

#737. Authority.-- N. authority; influence, patronage, power,
preponderance, credit, prestige, prerogative, jurisdiction; right &c.
(title) 924; direction &c. 693; government &c. 737a.
divine right, dynastic rights, authoritativeness; absoluteness,
absolutism; despotism; jus nocendi[Lat]; jus divinum[Lat].
mastery, mastership, masterdom[obs3]; dictation, control.
hold, grasp; grip, gripe; reach; iron sway &c. (severity) 739; fangs,
clutches, talons; rod of empire &c. (scepter) 747.
[Vicarious authority] commission &c. 755; deputy &c.759; permission
&c. 760.
V. authorize &c. (permit) 760; warrant &c. (right) 924; dictate &c.
(order) 741.
be at the head of &c. adj.; hold office, be in office, fill an office;
hold master, occupy master, a post master, be master &c. 745.
have the upper hand, get the upper hand, have the whip, get the whip;
gain a hold upon, preponderate, dominate, rule the roost; boss [U.S.];
override, overrule, overawe; lord it over, hold in hand, keep under, make a
puppet of, lead by the nose, turn round one's little finger, bend to one's
will, hold one's own, wear the breeches; have the ball at one's feet, have
it all one's own way, have the game in one's own hand, have on the hip,
have under one's thumb; be master of the situation; take the lead, play
first fiddle, set the fashion; give the law to; carry with a high hand; lay
down the law; "ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm" [Addison]; rule
with a rod of iron &c. (severity) 739.
Adj. at the head, dominant, paramount, supreme, predominant,
preponderant, in the ascendant, influential; arbitrary; compulsory &c.
744: stringent.
at one's command; in one's power, in one's grasp; under control.
Adv. in the name of, by the authority of, de par le Roi[Fr], in virtue
of; under the auspices of, in the hands of.
at one's pleasure; by a dash if the pen, by a stroke of the pen; ex
mero motu[Lat]; ex cathedra[Lat: from the chair].
Phr. the gray mare the better horse; "every inch a king" [Lear].


<-- in 4e sections 741 to 748 deal with government and politics. Lots of
words and concepts are new since 1911! Here we make a start with one
heading Yet to do: take political subdivisions from territory 181 and
780, put them all here. -->
#737a. Government. -- N. government, legal authority, soveriegn,
sovereign authority; authority &c. 737; master &c. 745; direction &c. 693.
[nations] national government, nation, state, country, nation-state,
dominion, republic, empire, union, democratic republic; kingdom,
principality.
[subdivisions of nations] state government[U.S terminology], state;
shire[England]; province[Canada]; county[Ireland]; canton[Switzerland];
territory [Australia]; duchy, archduchy, archdukedom[obs3]; woiwodshaft;
commonwealth; region &c. 181; property &c. 780.
[smaller subdivisions] county, parish[Louisiana]; city, domain, tract,
arrondissement[Fr], mofussil[obs3], commune; wappentake, hundred, riding,
lathe, garth[obs3], soke[obs3], tithing; ward, precinct, bailiwick.
command, empire, sway, rule; dominion, domination; sovereignty,
supremacy, suzerainty; lordship, headship[obs3]; chiefdom[obs3]; seigniory,
seigniority[obs3].
rule, sway, command, control, administer; govern &c. (direct) 693;
lead, preside over, reign, possess the throne, be seated on the throne,
occupy the throne; sway the scepter, wield the scepter; wear the crown.
state, realm, body politic, posse comitatus[Lat].
[person in the governing authority] judicature &c. 965; cabinet &c.
(council) 696; seat of government, seat of authority; headquarters.
[Acquisition of authority] accession; installation &c. 755; politics
&c. 737a.
reign, regime, dynasty; directorship, dictatorship; protectorate,
protectorship; caliphate, pashalic[obs3], electorate; presidency,
presidentship[obs3]; administration; proconsul, consulship; prefecture;
seneschalship; magistrature[obs3], magistracy.
monarchy; kinghood[obs3], kingship; royalty, regality;
aristarchy[obs3], aristocracy; oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, demagogy;
commonwealth; dominion; heteronomy; republic, republicanism; socialism;
collectivism; mob law, mobocracy[obs3], ochlocracy[obs3]; vox populi,
imperium in imperio[Lat]; bureaucracy; beadledom[obs3], bumbledom[obs3];
stratocracy; military power, military government, junta; feodality[obs3],
feudal system, feudalism.
thearchy[obs3], theocracy, dinarchy[obs3]; duarchy[obs3], triarchy,
heterarchy[obs3]; duumvirate; triumvirate; autocracy, autonomy; limited
monarchy; constitutional government, constitutional monarchy; home rule;
representative government; monocracy[obs3], pantisocracy[obs3].
gynarchy[obs3], gynocracy[obs3], gynaeocracy[obs3]; petticoat
government.
[government functions] legislature, judiciary, administration.
[Government agencies and institutions] office of the president, office
of the prime minister, cabinet; senate, house of representatives,
parliament; council &c. 696; courts, supreme court; state[U.S. national
government departments (list)], interior, labor, health and human services,
defense, education, agriculture, justice, commerce, treasury; Federal
Bureau of Investigation, FBI; Central Intelligence Agency, CIA; National
Institutes of Health, NIH; Postal Service, Post Office; Federal Aviation
Administration, FAA.
[national government officials] president, vice president, cabinet
member, prime minister, minister; senator, representatative, president pro
tem[Lat], speaker of the house; department head, section head, section
chief; federal judge, justice, justice of the supreme court, chief justice;
treasurer, secretary of the treasury; director of the FBI.
[state government officials] governor, state cabinet member; state
senator, assemblyman, assemblywoman.
V. govern, rule, have authority, hold authority, possess authority,
exercise authority, exert authority, wield authority &c. n.; reign, be
sovereign.
[acquire authority] ascend the throne, mount the throne; take the
reins, take the reins into one's hand; assume authority &c. n., assume the
reins of government; take command, assume command.
[contend for authority] politics &c. 737a.
be governed by, be in the power of, be a subject of, be a citizen of.
Adj. regal, sovereign, governing; royal, royalist; monarchical,
kingly; imperial, imperiatorial[obs3]; princely; feudal; aristocratic,
autocratic; oligarchic &c. n.; republican, dynastic.
ruling &c. v.; regnant, gubernatorial; imperious; authoritative,
executive, administrative, clothed with authority, official, departmental,
ex officio, imperative, peremptory, overruling, absolute; hegemonic,
hegemonical[obs3]; authorized &c. (due) 924.
[pertaining to property owned by government] government, public;
national, federal; his majesty's[Great Britain], her majesty's; state,
county, city, &c. n.
Phr[cf. nations, subdivisions of nations, smaller subdivisions]. "a
dog's obeyed in office" [Lear]; cada uno tiene su alguazil[obs3][Sp]; le
Roi le veut[Fr]; regibus esse manus en nescio longas[obs3][Lat]; regnant
populi[Lat]; "the demigod Authority" [Measure for Measure]; "the right
divine of kings to govern wrong" [Pope]; "uneasy lies the head that wears a
crown" [Henry IV].

#737b. Politics. [contention for governmental authority or influence].
-- N. politics; political science; candidacy, campaign, campaigning,
electioneering; partisanship, ideology, factionalism.
election, poll, ballot, vote, referendum, recall, initiative, voice,
suffrage, plumper, cumulative vote, plebiscitum[Lat], plebiscite, vox
populi; electioneering; voting &c. v.; elective franchise; straight ticket
[U.S.]; opinion poll, popularity poll.
issue; opinion, stand, position; program, platform; party line.
[ideologies] democracy, republicanism; communism, statism, state
socialism; socialism; conservatism, toryism; liberalism, whigism;
theocracy; constitutional monarchy.
[political parties] party &c. 712; Democratic Party[U.S: list],
Republican Party, Socialist Party, Communist Party; Federalist Party[U.S.
defunct parties: list], Bull Moose Party, Abolitionist Party; Christian
Democratic Party[Germany: list], Social Democratic Party; National
Socialist Worker's Party[Germany, 1930-1945], Nazi Party; Liberal
Party[Great Britain:list], Labor Party, Conservative Party.
ticket, slate.
[person active in politics] politician[general], activist;
candidate[specific politicians: list], aspirant, hopeful, office-seeker,
front-runner, dark horse, long shot, shoo-in; supporter, backer, political
worker, campaign worker; lobbyist, contributor; party hack, ward heeler;
regional candidate, favorite son; running mate, stalking horse; perpetual
candidate, political animal.
political contribution, campaign contribution; political action
committee, PAC.
political district, electoral division, electoral district, bailiwick.
electorate, constituents.
get-out-the-vote campaign, political education.
negative campaigning, dirty politics, smear campaign.
[unsuccessful candidate] also-ran, loser; has-been.
[successful candidate] office holder, official, occupant of a
position; public servant, incumbent; winner.
V. run for office, stand for office; campaign, stump; throw one's hat
in the ring; announce one's candidacy.
Adj. political, partisan.
Phr. "Money is the mother's milk of politics" [Tip O'Neill].

<-- p. 246 -->

#738. [Absence of authority] Laxity.-- N. laxity; laxness, looseness,
slackness; toleration &c. (lenity) 740; freedom &c. 748.
anarchy, interregnum; relaxation; loosening &c. v.; remission; dead
letter, brutum fulmen[Lat], misrule; license, licentiousness;
insubordination &c. (disobedience) 742; lynch law &c. (illegality) 964;
nihilism, reign of violence.
[Deprivation of power] dethronement, deposition, usurpation,
abdication.
V. be -lax &c. adj.; laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; hold a
loose rein; give the reins to, give rope enough, give a loose to; tolerate;
relax; misrule.
go beyond the length of one's tether; have one's swing, have one's
fling; act without instructions, act without authority, act outside of
one's authority; act on one's own responsibility, usurp authority.
dethrone, depose; abdicate.
Adj. lax, loose; slack; remiss &c. (careless) 460; weak.
relaxed; licensed; reinless[obs3], unbridled; anarchical; unauthorized
&c. (unwarranted) 925; adespotic[obs3].

#739. Severity.-- N. severity; strictness, harshness &c. adj.; rigor,
stringency, austerity; inclemency &c. (pitilessness) 914a; arrogance &c.
885; precisianism[obs3].
arbitrary power; absolutism, despotism; dictatorship, autocracy,
tyranny, domineering, oppression; assumption, usurpation; inquisition,
reign of terror, martial law; iron heel, iron rule, iron hand, iron sway;
tight grasp; brute force, brute strength; coercion &c. 744; strong hand,
tight hand.
hard lines, hard measure; tender mercies [ironical]; sharp practice;
pipe-clay, officialism.
tyrant, disciplinarian, precisian[obs3], martinet, stickler,
bashaw[obs3], despot, hard master, Draco, oppressor, inquisitor,
extortioner, harpy, vulture; accipitres[obs3], birds of prey,
raptorials[obs3], raptors[obs3].
V. be -severe &c. adj.
assume, usurp, arrogate, take liberties; domineer, bully &c. 885;
tyrannize, inflict, wreak, stretch a point, put on the screw; be hard upon;
bear a heavy hand on, lay a heavy hand on; be down upon, come down upon;
ill treat; deal hardly with, deal hard measure to; rule with a rod of iron,
chastise with scorpions; dye with blood; oppress, override; trample under
foot; tread under foot, tread upon, trample upon, tread down upon, trample
down upon; crush under an iron heel, ride roughshod over; rivet the yoke;
hold a tight hand, keep a tight hand; force down the throat; coerce &c.
744; give no quarter &c. (pitiless) 914a.
Adj. severe; strict, hard, harsh, dour, rigid, stiff, stern, rigorous,
uncompromising, exacting, exigent, exigeant[obs3], inexorable, inflexible,
obdurate, austere, hard-headed, hard-nosed, hard-shell [U.S.], relentless,
Spartan, Draconian, stringent, strait-laced, searching, unsparing, iron-
handed, peremptory, absolute, positive, arbitrary, imperative; coercive &c.
744; tyrannical, extortionate, grinding, withering, oppressive,
inquisitorial; inclement &c. (ruthless) 914a; cruel &c. (malevolent) 907;
haughty, arrogant &c. 885; precisian[obs3].
Adv. severely &c. adj.; with a high hand, with a strong hand, with a
tight hand, with a heavy hand.
at the point of the sword, at the point of the bayonet.
Phr. Delirant reges plectuntur Achivi[Lat]; manu forti[Lat]; ogni
debole ha sempre il suo tiranno[It].

<-- p. 247 -->

#740. Lenity.-- N. lenity, lenience, leniency; moderation &c. 174;
tolerance, toleration; mildness, gentleness; favor, indulgence,
indulgency[obs3]; clemency, mercy, forbearance, quarter; compassion &c.
914.
V. be -lenient &c. adj.; tolerate, bear with; parcere subjectis[Lat],
give quarter.
indulge, allow one to have his own way, spoil.
Adj. lenient; mild, mild as milk; gentle, soft; tolerant, indulgent,
easy-going; clement &c. (compassionate) 914; forbearing; long-suffering.

#741. Command.-- N. command, order, ordinance, act, fiat, hukm[obs3],
bidding, dictum, hest[obs3], behest, call, beck, nod.
despatch, dispatch; message, direction, injunction, charge,
instructions; appointment, fixture.
demand, exaction, imposition, requisition, claim, reclamation,
revendication[obs3]; ultimatum &c. (terms) 770; request &c. 765;
requirement.
dictation; dictate, mandate; caveat, decree, senatus consultum[Lat];
precept; prescript, rescript; writ, ordination, bull, ex cathedra
pronouncement[Lat], edict, decretal[obs3], dispensation, prescription,
brevet, placit[obs3], ukase, ukaz [Russian], firman, hatti-sherif[obs3],
warrant, passport, mittimus[Law@crim], mandamus, summons, subpoena, nisi
prius[Lat], interpellation, citation; word, word of command; mot
d'ordre[Fr]; bugle call, trumpet call; beat of drum, tattoo; order of the
day; enactment &c. (law) 963; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609.
V. command, order, decree, enact, ordain, dictate, direct, give
orders.
prescribe, set, appoint, mark out; set a task, prescribe a task,
impose a task; set to work, put in requisition.
bid, enjoin, charge, call upon, instruct; require at the hands of;
exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on &c. (compel) 744.
claim, lay claim to, revendicate[obs3], reclaim.
cite, summon; call for, send for; subpoena; beckon.
issue a command; make a requisition, issue a requisition, promulgate a
requisition, make a decree, issue a decree, promulgate a decree, make an
order, issue an order, promulgate an order &c. n.; give the word of
command, give the word, give the signal; call to order; give the law, lay
down the law; assume the command &c. (authority) 737; remand.
be -ordered &c.; receive an order &c. n.
Adj. commanding &c. v.; authoritative &c. 737; decretory[obs3],
decretive[obs3], decretal[obs3]; callable, jussive[obs3].
Adv. in a commanding tone; by a stroke of the pen, by a dash of the
pen; by order, at beat of drum, on the first summons.
Phr. the decree is gone forth; sic volo sic jubeo[Lat]; le Roi le
veut[Fr]; boutez en avant[Fr].

<-- p. 248 -->

#742. Disobedience.-- N. disobedience, insubordination, contumacy;
infraction, infringement; violation, noncompliance; nonobservance &c. 773.
revolt, rebellion, mutiny, outbreak, rising, uprising, insurrection,
emeute[Fr]; riot, tumult &c. (disorder) 59; strike &c.(resistance) 719;
barring out; defiance &c. 715.
mutinousness &c. adj.; mutineering[obs3]; sedition, treason; high
treason, petty treason, misprision of treason; premunire[Lat]; lese
majeste[Fr]; violation of law &c. 964; defection, secession.
insurgent, mutineer, rebel, revolter, revolutionary, rioter, traitor,
quisling, carbonaro[obs3], sansculottes[Fr], red republican, bonnet rouge,
communist, Fenian, frondeur; seceder, secessionist, runagate, renegade,
brawler, anarchist, demagogue; Spartacus, Masaniello, Wat Tyler, Jack Cade;
ringleader.
V. disobey, violate, infringe; shirk; set at defiance &c. (defy) 715;
set authority at naught, run riot, fly in the face of; take the law into
one's own hands; kick over the traces.
turn restive, run restive; champ the bit; strike &c. (resist) 719;
rise, rise in arms; secede; mutiny, rebel.
Adj. disobedient; uncomplying, uncompliant; unsubmissive[obs3],
unruly, ungovernable; breachy[obs3], insubordinate, impatient of control,
incorrigible; restiff|, restive; refractory, contumacious, recusant &c.
(refuse) 764; recalcitrant; resisting &c. 719; lawless, mutinous,
seditions, insurgent, riotous.
unobeyed[obs3]; unbidden.
Phr. seditiosissimus quisque ignavus [Lat][Tacitus]; "unthread the
rude eye of rebellion" [King John].

#743. Obedience.-- N. obedience; observance &c. 772; compliance;
submission &c. 725; subjection &c. 749; nonresistance; passiveness,
resignation.
allegiance, loyalty, fealty, homage, deference, devotion; constancy,
fidelity.
submissness[obs3], submissiveness; ductility &c. (softness) 324;
obsequiousness &c. (servility) 886.
V. be -obedient &c. adj.; obey, bear obedience to; submit &c. 725;
comply, answer the helm, come at one's call; do one's bidding, do what one
is told, do suit and service; attend to orders, serve faithfully.
follow the lead of, follow to the world's end; serve &c. 746; play
second fiddle.
Adj. obedient; complying, compliant; loyal, faithful, devoted; at
one's call, at one's command, at one's orders, at one's beck and call;
under beck and call, under control.
restrainable; resigned, passive; submissive &c. 725; henpecked; pliant
&c. (soft) 324.
unresisted[obs3].
Adv. obediently &c. adj.; in compliance with, in obedience to.
Phr. to hear is to obey; as you please, if you please; your wish is my
command; as you wish; no sooner said than done.

#744. Compulsion.-- N. compulsion, coercion, coaction[obs3],
constraint, duress, enforcement, press, conscription.
force; brute force, main force, physical force; the sword, ultima
ratio[Lat]; club law, lynch law, mob law, arguementum baculinum[obs3], le
droit du plus fort[Fr], martial law.
restraint &c. 751; necessity &c. 601; force majeure[Fr]; Hobson's
choice.
V. compel, force, make, drive, coerce, constrain, enforce,
necessitate, oblige.
force upon, press; cram down the throat, thrust down the throat, force
down the throat; say it must be done, make a point of, insist upon, take no
denial; put down, dragoon.
extort, wring from; squeeze, put on the squeeze; put on the screws,
turn on the screw; drag into; bind, bind over; pin down, tie down; require,
tax, put in force; commandeer; restrain &c. 751.
Adj. compelling &c. v.; coercive, coactive[obs3]; inexorable &c. 739;
compulsory, compulsatory[obs3]; obligatory, stringent, peremptory.
forcible, not to be trifled with; irresistible &c. 601; compelled &c.
v.; fain to.
Adv. by force &c. n., by force of arms; on compulsion, perforce; vi et
armis[Lat], under the lash; at the point of the sword, at the point of the
bayonet; forcibly; by a strong arm.
under protest, in spite of one's teeth; against one's will &c. 603;
nolens volens &c. (of necessity) 601[Lat]; by stress of circumstances, by
stress of weather; under press of; de rigueur.
with a gun to one's head.
Phr. I'll make him an offer he can't refuse.

<-- p. 249 -->

#745. Master.-- N. master, padrone; lord, lord paramount; commander,
commandant; captain; chief, chieftain; sirdar[obs3], sachem, sheik, head,
senior, governor, ruler, dictator; leader &c. (director) 694; boss,
cockarouse[obs3], sagamore[ISA:chief@algonquin], werowance[obs3].
lord of the ascendant; cock of the walk, cock of the roost; gray mare;
mistress.
potentate; liege, liege lord; suzerain, sovereign, monarch, autocrat,
despot, tyrant, oligarch.
crowned head, emperor, king, anointed king, majesty, imperator[Lat],
protector, president, stadholder[obs3], judge.
ceasar, kaiser, czar, tsar, sultan, soldan|, grand Turk, caliph,
imaum[obs3], shah, padishah[obs3], sophi[obs3], mogul, great mogul, khan,
lama, tycoon, mikado, tenno[Jap], inca, cazique[obs3]; voivode[obs3];
landamman[obs3]; seyyid[obs3]; Abuna[obs3], cacique[obs3], czarowitz[obs3],
grand seignior.
prince, duke &c. (nobility) 875; archduke, doge, elector; seignior;
marland[obs3], margrave; rajah, emir, wali, sheik nizam[obs3], nawab.
empress, queen, sultana, czarina, princess, infanta, duchess,
margravine[obs3]; czarevna[obs3], czarita[obs3]; maharani, rani,
rectrix[obs3].
regent, viceroy, exarch[obs3], palatine, khedive, hospodar[obs3],
beglerbeg[obs3], three-tailed bashaw[obs3], pasha, bashaw[obs3], bey, beg,
dey[obs3], scherif[obs3], tetrarch, satrap, mandarin, subahdar[obs3],
nabob, maharajah; burgrave[obs3]; laird &c. (proprietor) 779; collector,
commissioner, deputy commissioner, woon[obs3].
the authorities, the powers that be, the government; staff, etat
major[Fr], aga[obs3], official, man in office, person in authority;
sircar[obs3], sirkar[obs3], Sublime Porte.
[Military authorities] marshal, field marshal, marechal[obs3];
general, generalissimo; commander in chief, seraskier[obs3], hetman[obs3];
lieutenant general, major general; colonel, lieutenant colonel, major,
captain, centurion, skipper, lieutenant, first lieutenant, second
lieutenant, sublieutenant, officer, staff officer, aide-de-camp, brigadier,
brigade major, adjutant, jemidar[obs3], ensign, cornet, cadet, subaltern,
noncommissioned officer, warrant officer; sergeant, sergeant major; color
sergeant; corporal, corporal major; lance corporal, acting corporal; drum
major; captain general, dizdar[obs3], knight marshal, naik[obs3],
pendragon.
[Civil authorities] mayor, mayoralty; prefect, chancellor, archon,
provost, magistrate, syndic; alcalde[obs3], alcaid[obs3]; burgomaster,
corregidor[obs3], seneschal, alderman, councilman, committeeman,
councilwoman, warden, constable, portreeve[obs3]; lord mayor; officer &c.
(executive) 965; dewan[obs3], fonctionnaire[Fr].
[Naval authorities] admiral, admiralty; rear admiral, vice admiral,
port admiral; commodore, captain, commander, lieutenant, ensign, skipper,
mate, master, officer of the day, OD; navarch[obs3].
Phr. da locum melioribus[Lat]; der Furst ist der erste Diener seines
Staats [German: the prince is the first servant of his state]; "lord of thy
presence and no land beside" [King John].

#746. Servant.-- N. subject, liegeman[obs3]; servant, retainer,
follower, henchman, servitor, domestic, menial, help, lady help, employe,
attache; official.
retinue, suite, cortege, staff, court.
attendant, squire, usher, page, donzel[obs3], footboy[obs3]; train
bearer, cup bearer; waiter, lapster[obs3], butler, livery servant, lackey,
footman, flunky, flunkey, valet, valet de chambre[Fr]; equerry, groom;
jockey, hostler, ostler[obs3], tiger, orderly, messenger, cad,
gillie[obs3], herdsman, swineherd; barkeeper, bartender; bell boy, boots,
boy, counterjumper[obs3]; khansamah[obs3], khansaman[obs3];
khitmutgar[obs3]; yardman.
bailiff, castellan[obs3], seneschal, chamberlain, major-domo[obs3],
groom of the chambers.
secretary; under secretary, assistant secretary; clerk; subsidiary;
agent &c. 758; subaltern; underling, understrapper; man.
maid, maidservant; handmaid; confidente[Fr], lady's maid, abigail,
soubrette; amah[obs3], biddy, nurse, bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3]; nursemaid,
nursery maid, house maid, parlor maid, waiting maid, chamber maid, kitchen
maid, scullery maid; femme de chambre[Fr], femme fille[Fr];
camarista[obs3]; chef de cuisine,cordon bleu[Fr], cook, scullion,
Cinderella; potwalloper[obs3]; maid of all work, servant of all work;
laundress, bedmaker[obs3]; journeyman, charwoman &c. (worker) 690; bearer,
chokra[obs3], gyp [Cambridge], hamal[obs3], scout [Oxford].
serf, vassal, slave, negro, helot; bondsman, bondswoman[obs3];
bondslave[obs3]; ame damnee[Fr], odalisque, ryot[obs3], adscriptus
gleboe[Lat]; villian[obs3], villein; beadsman[obs3], bedesman[obs3];
sizar[obs3]; pensioner, pensionary[obs3]; client; dependant, dependent;
hanger on, satellite; parasite &c. (servility) 886; led captain;
protege[Fr], ward, hireling, mercenary, puppet, tool, creature.
badge of slavery; bonds &c. 752.
V. serve; wait upon, attend upon, dance attendance upon, pin oneself
upon; squire, tend, hang on the sleeve of; chore [U.S.].
Adj. in the train of; in one's pay, in one's employ; at one's call &c.
(obedient) 743; in bonds.


#747. [Insignia of authority.] Scepter.-- N. scepter, regalia,
caduceus; Mercury's rod, Mercury's staff, Mercury's wand; rod of empire,
mace, fasces[obs3], wand; staff, staff of office; baton, truncheon; flag
&c. (insignia) 550; ensign of authority, emblem of authority, badge of
authority, insignia of authority.
throne, chair, musnud[obs3], divan, dais, woolsack[obs3].
toga, pall, mantle, robes of state, ermine, purple.
crown, coronet, diadem, tiara, cap of maintenance; decoration; title
&c. 877; portfolio.
key, signet, seals, talisman; helm; reins &c. (means of restraint)
752.

<-- p. 250 -->

#748. Freedom.-- N. freedom, liberty, independence; license &c.
(permission) 760; facility &c. 705.
scope, range, latitude, play; free play, full play, free scope, full
scope; free stage and no favor; swing, full swing, elbowroom, margin, rope,
wide berth; Liberty Hall.
franchise, denization[obs3]; free man, freed man, livery man; denizen.
autonomy, self-government, liberalism, free trade; noninterference &c.
706; Monroe Doctrine [U.S.].
immunity, exemption; emancipation &c. (liberation) 750;
enfranchisement, affranchisement[obs3].
free land, freehold; allodium[obs3]; frankalmoigne[Fr], mortmain[Fr].
bushwhacker; freelance, free thinker, free trader; independent.
V. be free &c. adj.; have scope &c. n., have the run of, have one's
own way, have a will of one's own, have one's fling; do what one likes, do
what one wishes, do what one pleases, do what one chooses; go at large,
feel at home, paddle one's own canoe; stand on one's legs, stand on one's
rights; shift for oneself.
take a liberty; make free with, make oneself quite at home; use a
freedom; take leave, take French leave.
set free &c. (liberate) 750; give a loose to &c. (permit) 760; allow
scope &c. n. to, give scope &c. n. to; give a horse his head.
make free of; give the freedom of, give the franchise; enfranchise,
affranchise[obs3].
laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; live and let live; leave to
oneself; leave alone, let alone.
Adj. free, free as air; out of harness, independent, at large, loose,
scot-free; left alone, left to oneself.
in full swing; uncaught, unconstrained, unbuttoned, unconfined,
unrestrained, unchecked, unprevented[obs3], unhindered, unobstructed,
unbound, uncontrolled, untrammeled.
unsubject[obs3], ungoverned, unenslaved[obs3], unenthralled[obs3],
unchained, unshackled, unfettered, unreined[obs3], unbridled, uncurbed,
unmuzzled.
unrestricted, unlimited, unmitigated, unconditional; absolute;
discretionary &c. (optional) 600.
unassailed, unforced, uncompelled.
unbiassed[obs3], spontaneous.
free and easy; at ease, at one's ease; degage[Fr], quite at home;
wanton, rampant, irrepressible, unvanquished[obs3].
exempt; freed &c. 750; freeborn; autonomous, freehold, allodial[obs3];
gratis &c. 815; eleutherian[obs3].
unclaimed, going a begging.
Adv. freely &c. adj.; ad libitum &c. (at will) 600.
Phr. ubi libertas ibi patria[Lat]; free white and twenty-one.

#749. Subjection.-- N. subjection; dependence, dependency;
subordination; thrall, thralldom, thraldom, enthrallment, subjugation,
bondage, serfdom; feudalism, feudality[obs3]; vassalage, villenage;
slavery, enslavement, involuntary servitude; conquest.
service; servitude, servitorship[obs3]; tendence[obs3], employ,
tutelage, clientship[obs3]; liability &c. 177; constraint &c.751;
oppression &c. (severity) 739; yoke &c. (means of restraint) 752;
submission &c. 725; obedience &c. 743.
V. be subject &c. adj.; be at the mercy of, lie at the mercy of;
depend upon, lean upon, hang upon; fall a prey to, fall under; play second
fiddle.
be a mere machine, be a puppet, be a football; not dare to say one's
soul is his own; drag a chain.
serve &c. 746; obey &c. 743; submit &c. 725.
break in, tame; subject, subjugate; master &c. 731; tread down, tread
under foot; weigh down; drag at one's chariot wheels; reduce to subjection,
reduce to slavery; enthrall, inthrall[obs3], bethrall[obs3]; enslave, lead
captive; take into custody &c. (restrain) 751; rule &c. 737; drive into a
corner, hold at the sword's point; keep under; hold in bondage, hold in
leading strings, hold in swaddling clothes.
Adj. subject, dependent, subordinate; feudal, feudatory; in subjection
to, under control; in leading strings, in harness; subjected, enslaved &c.
v.; constrained &c. 751; downtrodden; overborne, overwhelmed; under the
lash, on the hip, led by the nose, henpecked; the puppet of, the sport of,
the plaything of; under one's orders, under one's command, under one's
thumb; a slave to; at the mercy of; in the power of, in the hands of, in
the clutches of; at the feet of; at one's beck and call &c. (obedient) 743;
liable &c. 177; parasitical; stipendiary.
Adv. under.
Phr. "slaves - in a land of light and law" [Whittier].

<-- p. 251 -->

#750. Liberation.-- N. liberation, disengagement, release,
enlargement, emancipation; disenthrallment[obs3], disenthralment[obs3];
affranchisement[obs3], enfranchisement; manumission; discharge, dismissal.
deliverance &c. 672; redemption, extrication, acquittance, absolution;
acquittal &c. 970; escape &c.671.
V. liberate, free; set free, set clear, set at liberty; render free,
emancipate, release; enfranchise, affranchise[obs3]; manumit; enlarge;
disband, discharge, disenthrall, disenthral, dismiss; let go, let loose,
loose, let out, let slip; cast adrift, turn adrift; deliver &c. 672;
absolve &c. (acquit) 970.
unfetter &c. 751, untie &c. 43; loose &c. (disjoin) 44; loosen,
relax; unbolt, unbar, unclose, uncork, unclog, unhand, unbind, unchain,
unharness, unleash; disengage, disentangle; clear, extricate, unloose.
gain one's liberty, obtain one's liberty, acquire one's liberty &c.
748; get rid of, get clear of; deliver oneself from; shake off the yoke,
slip the collar; break loose, break prison; tear asunder one's bonds, cast
off trammels; escape &c. 671.
Adj. liberated &c. v.; out of harness &c. (free) 748.
Int. unhand me! let me go!

#751. Restraint.-- N. restraint; hindrance &c. 706; coercion &c.
(compulsion) 744; cohibition[obs3], constraint, repression, suppression;
discipline, control.
confinement; durance, duress; imprisonment; incarceration,
coarctation|, entombment, mancipation[obs3], durance vile, limbo,
captivity; blockade.
arrest, arrestation[obs3]; custody, keep, care, charge, ward,
restringency[obs3].
curb &c. (means of restraint) 752; lettres de cachet[Fr].
limitation, restriction, protection, monopoly; prohibition &c. 761.
prisoner &c. 754; repressionist[obs3].
V. restrain, check; put under restraint, lay under restraint; enthral,
enthrall, inthral[obs3], inthrall[obs3], bethral[obs3], bethrall[obs3];
restrict; debar &c. (hinder) 706; constrain; coerce &c. (compel) 744; curb,
control; hold back, hold from, hold in, hold in check, hold within bounds,
keep back, keep from, keep in, keep in check, keep within bounds; hold in
leash, hold in leading strings; withhold.
keep under; repress, suppress; smother; pull in, rein in; hold, hold
fast; keep a tight hand on; prohibit &c. 761; inhibit, cohibit[obs3].
enchain; fasten &c. (join) 43; fetter, shackle; entrammel[obs3];
bridle, muzzle, hopple[obs3], gag, pinion, manacle, handcuff, tie one's
hands, hobble, bind hand and foot; swathe, swaddle; pin down, tether;
picket; tie down, tie up; secure; forge fetters; disable, hamstring
(incapacitate) 158.
confine; shut up, shut in; clap up, lock up, box up, mew up, bottle
up, cork up, seal up, button up; hem in, bolt in, wall in, rail in;
impound, pen, coop; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; cage; incage[obs3],
encage[obs3]; close the door upon, cloister; imprison, immure; incarcerate,
entomb; clap under hatches, lay under hatches; put in irons, put in a
strait-waistcoat; throw into prison, cast into prison; put into bilboes.
arrest; take up, take charge of, take into custody; take prisoner,
take captive, make prisoner, make captive; captivate; lead captive, lead
into captivity; send to prison, commit to prison; commit; give in charge,
give in custody; subjugate &c. 749.
Adj. restrained, constrained; imprisoned &c.v.; pent up; jammed in,
wedged in; under lock and key, under restraint, under hatches; in swaddling
clothes; on parole; in custody, doing time &c. (prisoner) 754;
cohibitive[obs3]; coactive &c. (compulsory) 744[obs3].
stiff, restringent[obs3], strait-laced, hidebound, barkbound[obs3].
ice bound, wind bound, weather bound; "cabined cribbed confined"
[Macbeth]; in Lob's pound, laid by the heels.

<-- p. 252 -->

#752. [Means of restraint.] Prison.-- N. prison, prison house; jail,
gaol, cage, coop, den, cell; stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon, dungeon,
Bastille, oubliette, bridewell[obs3], house of correction, hulks,
tollbooth, panopticon[obs3], penitentiary, guardroom, lockup, hold; round
house, watch house, station house, sponging house; station; house of
detention, black hole, pen, fold, pound; inclosure &c. 232; isolation
(exclusion) 893; penal settlement, penal colony; bilboes, stocks, limbo,
quod*[Lat]; calaboose, chauki[obs3], choky[obs3], thana[obs3]; workhouse
[U.S.].
Newgate, Fleet, Marshalsea; King's (or Queen's) Bench.
bond; bandage; irons, pinion, gyve, fetter, shackle, trammel, manacle,
handcuff, straight jacket, strait jacket, strait-jacket, strait-waistcoat,
hopples[obs3]; vice, vise.
yoke, collar, halter, harness; muzzle, gag, bit, brake, curb, snaffle,
bridle; rein, reins; bearing rein; martingale; leading string; tether,
picket, band, guy, chain; cord &c. (fastening) 45; cavesson[obs3],
hackamore [obs3][U.S.], headstall, jaquima [obs3][U.S.], lines, ribbons.
bolt, deadbolt, bar, lock, police lock, combination lock, padlock,
rail, wall, stone wall; paling, palisade; fence, picket fence, barbed wire
fence, Cyclone fence, stockade fence, chain-link fence; barrier, barricade.
drag &c. (hindrance) 706.

#753. Keeper.-- N. keeper, custodian, custos[Lat], ranger, warder,
jailer, gaoler, turnkey, castellan[obs3], guard; watchdog, watchman;
Charley; chokidar[obs3], durwan[obs3], hayward[obs3]; sentry, sentinel;
watch and ward; concierge, coast guard, guarda costa[Sp], game keeper.
escort, bodyguard.
protector, governor, duenna[Sp]; guardian; governess &c. (teacher)
540; nurse, nanny, babysitter, catsitter, dogsitter, bonne[Fr],
ayah[obs3].

#754. Prisoner.-- N. prisoner, prisoner of war, POW, captive, inmate,
detainee, hostage, abductee[obs3], detenu[Fr], close prisoner.
jail bird, ticket of leave man, chevronne[Fr].
V. stand committed; be imprisoned &c. 751.
take prisoner, take hostage (capture) 789.
Adj. imprisoned &c. 751; in prison, in quod*[Lat], in durance vile, in
limbo, in custody, doing time, in charge, in chains; under lock and key,
under hatches; on parole.

#755. [Vicarious authority.] Commission.-- N. commission, delegation;
consignment, assignment; procuration[obs3]; deputation, legation, mission,
embassy; agency, agentship[obs3]; power of attorney; clerkship; surrogacy.
errand, charge, brevet, diploma, exequatur[Lat], permit &c.
(permission) 760.
appointment, nomination, designation, return; charter; ordination;
installation, inauguration, investiture, swearing-in; accession,
coronation, enthronement.
vicegerency; regency, regentship.
viceroy &c. 745; consignee &c. 758; deputy &c. 759.
[person who receives a commission] agent, delegate, consignee &c. 758.
V. commission, delegate, depute; consign, assign; charge; intrust,
entrust; commit, commit to the hands of; authorize &c. (permit) 760.
put in commission, accredit, engage, hire, bespeak, appoint, name,
nominate, return, ordain; install, induct, inaugurate, swear in, invest,
crown; enroll, enlist; give power of attorney to.
employ, empower; set over, place over; send out.
be commissioned, be accredited; represent, stand for; stand in the
stead of, stand in the place of, stand in the shoes of.
Adj. commissioned &c. v.
Adv. per procurationem[Lat].

#756. Abrogation.-- N. abrogation, annulment, nullification, recision;
vacatur[Lat]; canceling &c. v.; cancel; revocation, revokement[obs3];
repeal, rescission, defeasance.
dismissal, conge[Fr], demission|; bounce* [U.S.]; deposal, deposition;
dethronement; disestablishment, disendowment[obs3]; deconsecration; sack*,
walking papers, pink slip, walking ticket; yellow cover*.
abolition, abolishment; dissolution.
counter order, countermand; repudiation, retraction,
retractation[obs3]; recantation &c. (tergiversation) 607; abolitionist.
V. abrogate, annul, cancel; destroy &c. 162; abolish; revoke,
repeal, rescind, reverse, retract, recall; abolitionize[obs3]; overrule,
override; set aside; disannul, dissolve, quash, nullify, declare null and
void; disestablish, disendow[obs3]; deconsecrate.
disclaim &c. (deny) 536; ignore, repudiate; recant &c. 607; divest
oneself, break off.
countermand, counter order; do away with; sweep away, brush away;
throw overboard, throw to the dogs; scatter to the winds, cast behind.
dismiss, discard; cast off, turn off, cast out, cast adrift, cast out
of doors, cast aside, cast away; send off, send away, send packing, send
about one's business; discharge, get rid of &c. (eject) 297; bounce*
[U.S.]; fire*, fire out*; sack*.
cashier; break; oust; unseat, unsaddle; unthrone[obs3], dethrone,
disenthrone[obs3]; depose, uncrown[obs3]; unfrock, strike off the roll;
disbar, disbench[obs3].
be abrogated &c.; receive its quietus; walk the plank.
Adj. abrogated &c. v.; functus officio[Lat].
Int. get along with you! begone! go about your business! away with!

<-- p. 253 -->

#757. Resignation.-- N. resignation, retirement, abdication,
renunciation, abjuration; abandonment, relinquishment.
V. resign; give up, throw up; lay down, throw up the cards, wash one's
hands of, abjure, renounce, forego, disclaim, retract; deny &c. 536.
abrogate &c. 756; desert &c. (relinquish) 624; get rid of &c. 782.
abdicate; vacate, vacate one's seat; accept the stewardship of the
Chiltern Hundreds; retire; tender one's resignation.
Adj. abdicant[obs3].
Phr. "Othello's occupation's gone" [Othello].

#758. Consignee.-- N. consignee, trustee, nominee, committee.
agent, delegate; commissary, commissioner; emissary, envoy,
commissionaire[Fr]; messenger &c. 534.
diplomatist, diplomat(e), corps diplomatique[Fr], embassy; ambassador,
embassador[obs3]; representative, resident, consul, legate, nuncio,
internuncio[obs3], charge d'affaires[Fr], attache.
vicegerent &c. (deputy) 759; plenipotentiary.
functionary, placeman[obs3], curator; treasurer &c. 801; factor,
bailiff, clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor, proctor, broker,
underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer, one's man of business; factotum
&c. (director) 694; caretaker; dalal[obs3], dubash[obs3], garnishee,
gomashta[obs3].
negotiator, go-between; middleman; under agent, employe; servant &c.
746; referee, arbitrator &c.. (judge) 967.
traveler, bagman, commis-voyageur[Fr], touter[obs3], commercial
traveler, drummer [U.S.], traveling man.
newspaper correspondent, own correspondent, special correspondent.

#759. Deputy.-- N. deputy, substitute, vice, proxy, locum tenens,
badli[obs3], delegate, representative, next friend, surrogate, secondary.
regent, viceregent[obs3], vizier, minister, vicar; premier &c.
(director) 694; chancellor, prefect, provost, warden, lieutenant, archon,
consul, proconsul; viceroy &c. (governor) 745; commissioner &c. 758; Tsung-
li Yamen, Wai Wu Pu; plenipotentiary, alter ego.
team, eight, eleven; champion.
V. be deputy &c. n.; stand for, appear for, hold a brief for, answer
for; represent; stand in the shoes of, walk in the shoes of; stand in the
stead of.
ablegate[obs3], accredit.
Adj. acting, vice, vice regal; accredited to.
Adv. in behalf of.

<-- p. 254 -->
%
Section II. SPECIAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
%

#760. Permission.-- N. permission, leave; allowance, sufferance;
tolerance, toleration; liberty, law, license, concession, grace; indulgence
&c. (lenity) 740; favor, dispensation, exemption, release; connivance;
vouchsafement[obs3].
authorization, warranty, accordance, admission.
permit, warrant, brevet, precept, sanction, authority, firman;
hukm[obs3]; pass, passport; furlough, license, carte blanche[Fr], ticket of
leave; grant, charter; patent, letters patent.
V. permit; give permission &c. n., give power; let, allow, admit;
suffer, bear with, tolerate, recognize; concede &c. 762; accord, vouchsafe,
favor, humor, gratify, indulge, stretch a point; wink at, connive at; shut
one's eyes to.
grant, empower, charter, enfranchise, privilege, confer a privilege,
license, authorize, warrant; sanction; intrust &c. (commission) 755.
give carte blanche[Fr], give the reins to, give scope to &c. (freedom)
748; leave alone, leave it to one, leave the door open; open the door to,
open the flood gates; give a loose to.
let off; absolve &c. (acquit) 970; release, exonerate, dispense with.
ask permission, beg permission, request permission, ask leave, beg
leave, request leave.
Adj. permitting &c. v.; permissive, indulgent; permitted &c. v.;
patent, chartered, permissible, allowable, lawful, legitimate, legal;
legalized &c. (law) 963; licit; unforbid[obs3], unforbidden[obs3];
unconditional.
Adv. by leave, with leave, on leave &c. n.; speciali gratia[It]; under
favor of; pace; ad libitum &c. (freely) 748, (at will) 600; by all means
&c. (willingly) 602; yes &c. (assent) 488.
Phr. avec permissin[Fr]; brevet d'invention [Fr].

#761. Prohibition.-- N. prohibition, inhibition; veto, disallowance;
interdict, interdiction; injunction, estoppel[Law]; embargo, ban, taboo,
proscription; index expurgatorius[Lat]; restriction &c. (restraint) 751;
hindrance &c.706; forbidden fruit; Maine law [U.S.].
V. prohibit, inhibit; forbid, put one's veto upon, disallow, enjoin,
ban, outlaw, taboo, proscribe, estop[Law]; bar; debar &c. (hinder) 706,
forefend.
keep in, keep within bounds; restrain &c. 751; cohibit[obs3],
withhold, limit, circumscribe, clip the wings of, restrict; interdict,
taboo; put under an interdiction, place under an interdiction; put under
the ban, place under the ban; proscribe; exclude, shut out; shut the door,
bolt the door, show the door; warn off; dash the cup from one's lips;
forbid the banns.
Adj. prohibitive, prohibitory; proscriptive; restrictive, exclusive;
forbidding &c. v.
prohibited &c. v.; not permitted &c. 760; unlicensed, contraband,
impermissible, under the ban of; illegal &c. 964; unauthorized, not to be
thought of, uncountenanced, unthinkable, beyond the pale.
Adv. on no account &c. (no) 536.
Int. forbid it heaven! &c. (deprecation) 766.
hands off! keep off! hold! stop! desist! cease and desist! avast!
Phr. that will never do; don't you dare; forget it; don't even think
about doing it;"go ahead; make my day [ironical, threatening]" [Dirty
Harry].

#762. Consent.-- N. consent; assent &c. 488; acquiescence; approval
&c. 931; compliance, agreement, concession; yieldance|, yieldingness[obs3];
accession, acknowledgment, acceptance, agnition|.
settlement, ratification, confirmation, adjustment.
permit &c. (permission) 760; promise &c. 768.
V. consent; assent &c. 488; yield assent, admit, allow, concede,
grant, yield; come round, come over; give into, acknowledge, agnize[obs3],
give consent, comply with, acquiesce, agree to, fall in with, accede,
accept, embrace an offer, close with, take at one's word, have no
objection.
satisfy, meet one's wishes, settle, come to terms &c. 488; not refuse
&c. 764; turn a willing ear &c. (willingness) 602; jump at; deign,
vouchsafe; promise &c. 768.
Adj. consenting &c. v.; squeezable; agreed &c. (assent) 488;
unconditional.
Adv. OK, yes &c. (assent) 488; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; no
problem; if you please, as you please; be it so, so be it, well and good,
of course; please do; don't hesitate.
Phr. chi tace accousente[It][obs3].

#763. Offer.-- N. offer, proffer, presentation, tender, bid, overture;
proposal, proposition; motion, invitation; candidature; offering &c. (gift)
784.
V. offer, proffer, present, tender; bid; propose, move; make a motion,
make advances; start; invite, hold out, place in one's way, put forward.
hawk about; offer for sale &c. 796; press &c. (request) 765; lay at
one's feet.
offer oneself, present oneself; volunteer, come forward, be a
candidate; stand for, bid for; seek; be at one's service; go a begging;
bribe &c. (give) 784.
Adj. offering, offered &c. v.; in the market, for sale, to let,
disengaged, on hire.

<-- p. 255 -->

#764. Refusal.-- N. refusal, rejection; noncompliance,
incompliance[obs3]; denial; declining &c. v.; declension;
declinature[obs3]; peremptory refusal, flat refusal, point blank refusal;
repulse, rebuff; discountenance.
recusancy, abnegation, protest, disclaimer; dissent &c. 489;
revocation &c. 756.
V. refuse, reject, deny, decline, turn down; nill, negative; refuse
one's assent, withhold one's assent; shake the head; close the hand, close
the purse; grudge, begrudge, be slow to, hang fire; pass [at cards].
be deaf to; dismiss, turn a deaf ear to, turn one's back upon; set
one's face against, discountenance, not hear of, have nothing to do with,
wash one's hands of, stand aloof, forswear, set aside, cast behind one; not
yield an inch &c. (obstinacy) 606.
resist, cross; not grant &c. 762; repel, repulse, shut the door in
one's face, slam the door in one's face; rebuff; send back, send to the
right about, send away with a flea in the ear; deny oneself, not be at home
to; discard, spurn, &c. (repudiate) 610; rescind &c. (revoke) 756;
disclaim, protest; dissent &c. 489.
Adj. refusing &c. v.; restive, restiff|; recusant; uncomplying,
unconsenting; not willing to hear of, deaf to.
refused &c. v.; ungranted, out of the question, not to be thought of,
impossible.
Adv. no &c. 536; on no account, not for the world; no thank you,
thanks but no thanks.
Phr. non possumus[Lat]; your humble servant[ironically]; bien
oblige[Fr]; not on your life [U.S.]; no way; not even if you beg on your
knees.

#765. Request.-- N. request, requisition; claim &c. (demand) 741;
petition, suit, prayer; begging letter, round robin.
motion, overture, application, canvass, address, appeal, apostrophe;
imprecation; rogation; proposal, proposition.
orison &c. (worship) 990; incantation &c. (spell) 993.
mendicancy; asking, begging &c. v.; postulation, solicitation,
invitation, entreaty, importunity, supplication, instance,
impetration[obs3], imploration[obs3], obsecration[obs3], obtestation[obs3],
invocation, interpellation.
V. request, ask; beg, crave, sue, pray, petition, solicit, invite, pop
the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon; apply to, call to,
put to; call upon, call for; make a request, address a request, prefer a
request, put up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer, prefer a
prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address a petition, prefer a
petition, put up a petition; make application, make a requisition; ask
trouble, ask one for; claim &c. (demand) 741; offer up prayers &c.
(worship) 990; whistle for.
beg hard, entreat, beseech, plead, supplicate, implore; conjure,
adjure; obtest[obs3]; cry to, kneel to, appeal to; invoke, evoke;
impetrate[obs3], imprecate, ply, press, urge, beset, importune, dun, tax,
clamor for; cry aloud, cry for help; fall on one's knees; throw oneself at
the feet of; come down on one's marrowbones.
beg from door to door, send the hat round, go a begging;
mendicate[obs3], mump[obs3], cadge, beg one's bread.
dance attendance on, besiege, knock at the door.
bespeak, canvass, tout, make interest, court; seek, bid for &c.
(offer) 763; publish the banns.
Adj. requesting &c. v.; precatory[obs3]; suppliant, supplicant,
supplicatory; postulant; obsecratory[obs3].
importunate, clamorous, urgent; cap in hand; on one's knees, on one's
bended knees, on one's marrowbones.
Adv. prithee, do, please, pray; be so good as, be good enough; have
the goodness, vouchsafe, will you, I pray thee, if you please.
Int. for God's sake! for heaven's sake! for goodness' sake! for
mercy's sake!
Phr. Dieu vous garde[Fr]; dirigenos Domine[Lat]; would you be so kind
as to.

#766. [Negative request.] Deprecation.-- N. deprecation,
expostulation; intercession, mediation, protest, remonstrance.
V. deprecate, protest, expostulate, enter a protest, intercede for;
remonstrate.
Adj. deprecatory, expostulatory[obs3], intercessory,
mediatorial[obs3].
deprecated, protested.
unsought, unbesought[obs3]; unasked &c. (see ask &c. 765).
Int. cry you mercy! God forbid! forbid it Heaven! Heaven forefend,
Heaven forbid! far be it from! hands off! &c. (prohibition) 761; please
don't.

<-- p. 256 -->


#767. Petitioner.-- N. petitioner, solicitor, applicant; suppliant,
supplicant; suitor, candidate, claimant, postulant, aspirant, competitor,
bidder; place hunter, pot hunter; prizer[obs3]; seeker.
beggar, mendicant, moocher, panhandler, freeloader, sponger,
mumper[obs3], sturdy beggar, cadger; hotel runner, runner, steerer [U.S.],
tout, touter[obs3].
[poor person] pauper, homeless person, hobo, bum, tramp, bindle stiff,
bo, knight of the road (poverty) 804; hippie, flower child; hard core
unemployed; welfare client, welfare case.
canvasser, bagman &c.758; salesman.

%
Section III. CONDITIONAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
%

#768. Promise.-- N. promise, undertaking, word, troth, plight, pledge,
parole, word of honor, vow; oath &c. (affirmation) 535; profession,
assurance, warranty, guarantee, insurance, obligation; contract &c. 769;
stipulation.
engagement, preengagement; affiance; betroth, betrothal, betrothment.
V. promise; give a promise &c. n.; undertake, engage; make an
engagement, form an engagement; enter into an engagement, enter on an
engagement; bind oneself, tie oneself, pledge oneself, commit oneself, take
upon oneself; vow; swear &c. (affirm) 535, give one's word, pass one's
word, pledge one's word, plight one's word, give one's honor, pass one's
honor, pledge one's honor, plight one's honor, give credit, pass credit,
pledge credit, plight credit, give troth, pass troth, pledge troth, plight
troth; betroth, plight faith.
assure, warrant, guarantee; covenant &c. 769; attest &c. (bear
witness) 467.
hold out an expectation; contract an obligation; become bound to,
become sponsor for; answer for, be answerable for; secure; give security
&c. 771; underwrite.
adjure, administer an oath, put to one's oath, swear a witness.
Adj. promising &c. v.; promissory; votive; under hand and seal, upon
oath.
promised &c. v.; affianced, pledged, bound; committed, compromised; in
for it.
Adv. as one's head shall answer for.
Phr. in for a penny in for a pound; ex voto[Lat]; gage d'amour.

#768a. Release from engagement.-- N. release &c. (liberation) 750.
Adj. absolute; unconditional &c. (free) 748.

#769. Compact.-- N. compact, contract, agreement, bargain;
affidation[obs3]; pact, paction[obs3]; bond, covenant, indenture;
bundobast[obs3], deal.
stipulation, settlement, convention; compromise, cartel.
Protocol, treaty, concordat, Zollverein[Ger], Sonderbund[Ger],
charter, Magna Charta[Lat], Progmatic Sanction, customs union, free trade
region; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT; most favored nation
status.
negotiation &c. (bargaining) 794; diplomacy &c. (mediation) 724;
negotiator &c. (agent) 758.
ratification, completion, signature, seal, sigil[Lat], signet.
V. contract, covenant, agree for; engage &c. (promise) 768.
treat, negotiate, stipulate, make terms; bargain &c. (barter) 794.
make a bargain, strike a bargain; come to terms, come to an
understanding; compromise &c. 774; set at rest; close, close with;
conclude, complete, settle; confirm, ratify, clench, subscribe, underwrite;
endorse, indorse; put the seal to; sign, seal &c. (attest) 467; indent.
take one at one's word, bargain by inch of candle.
Adj. agreed &c. v.; conventional; under hand and seal.
Phr. caveat emptor.

#770. Conditions.-- N. conditions, terms; articles, articles of
agreement; memorandum.
clauses, provisions; proviso &c. (qualification) 469; covenant,
stipulation, obligation, ultimatum, sine qua non; casus foederris[Lat].
V. make terms, come to terms &c. (contract) 769; make it a condition,
stipulate, insist upon, make a point of; bind, tie up.
Adj. conditional, provisional, guarded, fenced, hedged in.
Adv. conditionally &c. (with qualification) 469; provisionally, pro re
nata[Lat]; on condition; with a string to it.

<-- p. 257 -->

#771. Security.-- N. security; guaranty, guarantee; gage, warranty,
bond, tie, pledge, plight, mortgage, collateral, debenture, hypothecation,
bill of sale, lien, pawn, pignoration[obs3]; real security; vadium[obs3].
stake, deposit, earnest, handsel, caution.
promissory note; bill, bill of exchange; I.O.U.; personal security,
covenant, specialty; parole &c. (promise) 768.
acceptance, indorsement[obs3], signature, execution, stamp, seal.
sponsor, cosponsor, sponsion[obs3], sponsorship; surety, bail;
mainpernor[obs3], hostage; godchild, godfather, godmother.
recognizance; deed of indemnity, covenant of indemnity.
authentication, verification, warrant, certificate, voucher, docket,
doquet[obs3]; record &c. 551; probate, attested copy.
receipt; acquittance, quittance; discharge, release.
muniment[obs3], title deed, instrument; deed, deed poll; assurance,
indenture; charter &c. (compact) 769; charter poll; paper, parchment,
settlement, will, testament, last will and testament, codicil.
V. give security, give bail, give substantial bail; go bail; pawn,
impawn[obs3], spout, mortgage, hypothecate, impignorate[obs3].
guarantee, warrant, warrantee, assure; accept, indorse, underwrite,
insure;cosign, countersign, sponsor, cosponsor.
execute, stamp; sign, seal &c. (evidence) 467.
let, sett[obs3]; grant a lease, take a lease, hold a lease; hold in
pledge; lend on security &c. 787.
Phr. bonis avibus[Lat]; "gone where the woodbine twineth".

#772. Observance.-- N. observance, performance, compliance,
acquiescence, concurrence; obedience &c. 743; fulfillment, satisfaction,
discharge; acquittance, acquittal.
adhesion, acknowledgment; fidelity &c. (probity) 939; exact &c. 494 -
observance.
V. observe, comply with, respect, acknowledge, abide by; cling to,
adhere to, be faithful to, act up to; meet, fulfill; carry out, carry into
execution; execute, perform, keep, satisfy, discharge; do one's office.
perform an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation,
acquit oneself of an obligation; make good; make good one's word, make good
one's promise, keep one's word, keep one's promise; redeem one's pledge;
keep faith with, stand to one's engagement.
Adj. observant, faithful, true, loyal; honorable &c. 939; true as the
dial to the sun, true as the needle to the pole; punctual, punctilious;
literal &c. (exact) 494; as good as one's word.
Adv. faithfully &c. adj.
Phr. ignoscito saepe alteri nunquam tibi[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat];
"to God, thy country, and thy friend be true" [Vaughan].

#773. Nonobservance.-- N. nonobservance &c. 772; evasion,
inobservance, failure, omission, neglect, laches[Law], laxity, informality.
infringement, infraction; violation, transgression; piracy.
retraction, retractation[obs3], repudiation, nullification; protest;
forfeiture.
lawlessness; disobedience &c. 742; bad faith &c. 940.
V. fail, neglect, omit, elude, evade, give the go-by to, set aside,
ignore; shut one's eyes to, close one's eyes to.
infringe, transgress, violate, pirate, break, trample under foot, do
violence to, drive a coach and six through.
discard, protest, repudiate, fling to the winds, set at naught,
nullify, declare null and void; cancel &c. (wipe off) 552.
retract, go back from, be off, forfeit, go from one's word, palter;
stretch a point, strain a point.
Adj. violating &c. v.; lawless, transgressive; elusive, evasive.
unfulfilled &c. (see fulfill &c. 772).

<-- p. 258 -->

#774. Compromise.-- N. compromise, commutation, composition; middle
term, mezzo termine[It]; compensation &c. 30; abatement of differences,
adjustment, mutual concession.
V. compromise, commute, compound; take the mean; split the difference,
meet one halfway, give and take; come to terms &c. (contract) 769; submit
to arbitration, abide by arbitration; patch up, bridge over, arrange;
straighten out, adjust, differences, agree; make the best of, make a virtue
of necessity; take the will for the deed.

%
Section IV. POSSESSIVE RELATIONS
%
<-- That is, relations which concern property. -->
%
1. Property in general
%

#775. Acquisition.-- N. acquisition; gaining &c. v.; obtainment;
procuration[obs3], procurement; purchase, descent, inheritance; gift &c.
784.
recovery, retrieval, revendication[obs3], replevin[Law], restitution
&c. 790; redemption, salvage, trover[Law].
find, trouvaille[obs3], foundling.
gain, thrift; money-making, money grubbing; lucre, filthy lucre, pelf;
loaves and fishes, the main chance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973.
profit, earnings, winnings, innings, pickings, net profit; avails;
income &c. (receipt) 810; proceeds, produce, product; outcome, output;
return, fruit, crop, harvest; second crop, aftermath; benefit &c. (good)
618.
sweepstakes, trick, prize, pool; pot; wealth &c. 803.
subreption[obs3][Fraudulent acquisition]; obreption[obs3]; stealing
&c. 791.
V. acquire, get, gain, win, earn, obtain, procure, gather; collect &c.
(assemble) 72; pick, pickup; glean.

find; come upon, pitch upon, light upon; scrape up, scrape together;
get in, reap and carry, net, bag, sack, bring home, secure; derive, draw,
get in the harvest.
profit; make profit, draw profit, turn a quick profit; turn to profit,
turn to account; make capital out of, make money by; obtain a return, reap
the fruits of; reap an advantage, gain an advantage; turn a penny, turn an
honest penny; make the pot boil, bring grist to the mill; make money, coin
money, raise money; raise funds, raise the wind; fill one's pocket &c.
(wealth) 803.
treasure up &c. (store) 636; realize, clear; produce &c. 161; take &c.
789.
get back, recover, regain, retrieve, revendicate[obs3], replevy[Law],
redeem, come by one's own.
come by, come in for; receive &c. 785; inherit; step into a fortune,
step into the shoes of; succeed to.
get hold of, get between one's finger and thumb, get into one's hand,
get at; take possession, come into possession, enter into possession.
be profitable &c. adj.; pay, answer.
accrue &c. (be received) 785.
Adj. acquiring, acquired &c. v.; profitable, advantageous, gainful,
remunerative, paying, lucrative.
Phr. lucri causa[Lat].

#776. Loss.-- N. loss; deperdition[obs3], perdition; forfeiture,
lapse.
privation, bereavement; deprivation &c. (dispossession) 789; riddance;
damage, squandering, waste.
V. lose; incur a loss, experience a loss, meet with a loss; miss;
mislay, let slip, allow to slip through the fingers; be without &c.
(exempt) 777a; forfeit.
get rid of &c. 782; waste &c. 638.
be lost; lapse.
Adj. losing &c. v.; not having &c. 777a.
shorn of, deprived of; denuded, bereaved, bereft, minus, cut off;
dispossessed &c. 789; rid of, quit of; out of pocket.
lost &c. v.; long lost; irretrievable &c. (hopeless) 859; off one's
hands.
Int. farewell to! adieu to.

<-- p. 259 -->

<-- emphasize the abstract meaning of possession - legal possession, as a
distinct entity from physical possession, stewardship -->

#777. Possession.-- N. possession, seizin[Law], seisin[Law]; ownership
&c. 780; occupancy; hold, holding; tenure, tenancy, feodality[obs3],
dependency; villenage, villeinage[obs3]; socage[obs3], chivalry, knight
service.
exclusive possession, impropriation[obs3], monopoly, retention &c.781;
prepossession, preoccupancy[obs3]; nine points of the law; corner,
usucaption[obs3].
future possession, heritage, inheritance, heirship, reversion, fee,
seigniority[obs3]; primogeniture, ultimogeniture[obs3].
futures contract[right of future possession; financial instruments],
warrant, put, call, option; right of first refusal.
bird in hand, uti possidetis[Lat], chose in possession.
V. possess, have, hold, occupy, enjoy; be possessed of &c. adj.; have
in hand &c. adj.; own &c. 780; command.
inherit; come to, come in for.
engross, monopolize, forestall, regrate[obs3], impropriate[obs3], have
all to oneself; corner; have a firmhold of &c. (retain) 781[obs3]; get into
one's hand &c. (acquire) 775.
belong to, appertain to, pertain to; be in one's possession &c. adj.;
vest in.
Adj. possessing &c. v.; worth; possessed of, seized of, master of, in
possession of; usucapient[obs3]; endowed with, blest with, instinct with,
fraught with, laden with, charged with.
possessed &c. v.; on hand, by one; in hand, in store, in stock; in
one's hands, in one's grasp, in one's possession; at one's command, at
one's disposal; one's own &c. (property) 780.
unsold, unshared.
Phr. entbehre gern was du nicht hast[Ger]; meum et tuum[Lat]; tuum
est[Lat].

#777a. Exemption.-- N. exemption; absence &c. 187; exception,
immunity, privilege, release.
V. not have &c. 777; be without &c. adj.; excuse.
Adj. exempt from, devoid of, without, unpossessed of[obs3], unblest
with[obs3]; immune from.
not having &c. 777; unpossessed[obs3]; untenanted &c. (vacant) 187;
without an owner.
unobtained[obs3], unacquired.

#778. [Joint possession.] Participation.-- N. participation;
cotenancy[obs3], joint tenancy; occupancy in common, possession in common,
tenancy in common; joint stock, common stock; co-partnership, partnership;
communion; community of possessions, community of goods; communism,
socialism; cooperation &c. 709.
snacks, coportion|, picnic, hotchpot[obs3]; co-heirship, co-
parceny[obs3], co-parcenary; gavelkind[obs3].
participator, sharer; co-partner, partner; shareholder; co-tenant,
joint tenant; tenants in common; co-heir, co-parcener[obs3].
communist, socialist.
V. participate, partake; share, share in; come in for a share; go
shares, go snacks, go halves; share and share alike.
have in common, possess in common, be seized in common, have as joint
tenants, possess as joint tenants, be seized as joint tenants &c. n.
join in; have a hand in &c. (cooperate) 709.
Adj. partaking &c. v.; communistic.
Adv. share and share alike.


#779. Possessor.-- N. possessor, holder; occupant, occupier; tenant;
person in possession, man in possession &c.777; renter, lodger, lessee,
underlessee[obs3]; zemindar[obs3], ryot[obs3]; tenant on sufferance, tenant
at will, tenant from year to year, tenant for years, tenant for life.
owner; proprietor, proprietress, proprietary; impropriator[obs3],
master, mistress, lord.
land holder, land owner, landlord, land lady, slumlord; lord of the
manor, lord paramount; heritor, laird, vavasour[obs3], landed gentry, mesne
lord[obs3]; planter.
cestui-que-trust[Fr], beneficiary, mortgagor.
grantee, feoffee[obs3], releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], devisee;
legatee, legatary[obs3].
trustee; holder &c. of the legal estate; mortgagee.
right owner, rightful owner.
[Future possessor] heir presumptive, heir apparent; heiress;
inheritor, inheritress, inheritrix; reversioner[obs3], remainderman[obs3].

<-- p. 260 -->

#780. Property.-- N. property, possession, suum cuique[Lat], meum et
tuum[Lat].
ownership, proprietorship, lordship; seignority[obs3]; empire &c.
(dominion) 737.
interest, stake, estate, right, title, claim, demand, holding; tenure
&c. (possession) 777; vested interest, contingent interest, beneficial
interest, equitable interest; use, trust, benefit; legal estate, equitable
estate; seizin[Law], seisin[Law].
absolute interest, paramount estate, freehold; fee tail, fee simple;
estate in fee, estate in tail, estate tail; estate in tail male, estate in
tail female, estate in tail general.
limitation, term, lease, settlement, strict settlement, particular
estate; estate for life, estate for years, estate pur autre vie[Fr];
remainder, reversion, expectancy, possibility.
dower, dowry, jointure[obs3], appanage, inheritance, heritage,
patrimony, alimony; legacy &c. (gift) 784; Falcidian law, paternal estate,
thirds.
assets, belongings, means, resources, circumstances; wealth &c. 803;
money &c. 800; what one is worth, what one will cut up for; estate and
effects.
landed property, landed real estate property; realty; land, lands;
tenements; hereditaments; corporeal hereditaments, incorporeal
hereditaments; acres; ground &c. (earth) 342; acquest[obs3], messuage,
toft[obs3].
territory, state, kingdom, principality, realm, empire, protectorate,
sphere of influence.
manor, honor, domain, demesne; farm, plantation, hacienda; allodium
&c. (free) 748[obs3]; fief, fieff[obs3], feoff[obs3], feud,
zemindary[obs3], dependency; arado[obs3], merestead[obs3], ranch.
free lease-holds, copy lease-holds; folkland[obs3]; chattels real;
fixtures, plant, heirloom; easement; right of common, right of user.
personal property, personal estate, personal effects; personalty,
chattels, goods, effects, movables; stock, stock in trade; things, traps,
rattletraps, paraphernalia; equipage &c. 633.
parcels, appurtenances.
impedimenta; luggage, baggage; bag and baggage; pelf; cargo, lading.
rent roll; income &c. (receipts) 810; maul and wedges [U.S.].
patent, copyright; chose in action; credit &c. 805; debt &c.806.
V. possess &c. 777; be the possessor &c. 779 of; own; have for one's
own, have for one's very own; come in for, inherit.
savor of the realty.
be one's property &c. n.; belong to; appertain to, pertain to.
Adj. one's own; landed, predial[obs3], manorial, allodial[obs3]; free
lease-hold, copy lease-hold; feudal, feodal[obs3].
Adv. to one's credit, to one's account; to the good.
to one and his heirs for ever, to one and the heirs of his body, to
one and his heirs and assigns, to one and his executors administrators and
assigns.

#781. Retention.-- N. retention; retaining &c. v.; keep, detention,
custody; tenacity, firm hold, grasp, gripe, grip, iron grip.
fangs, teeth, claws, talons, nail, unguis, hook, tentacle, tenaculum;
bond &c. (vinculum) 45.
clutches, tongs, forceps, pincers, nippers, pliers, vice.
paw, hand, finger, wrist, fist, neaf[obs3], neif[obs3].
bird in hand; captive &c.754.
V. retain, keep; hold fast one's own, hold tight one's own, hold fast
one's ground, hold tight one's ground; clinch, clench, clutch, grasp,
gripe, hug, have a firm hold of.
secure, withhold, detain; hold back, keep back; keep close; husband
&c. (store) 636; reserve; have in stock, have on hand, keep in stock &c.
(possess) 777; entail, tie up, settle.
Adj. retaining &c. v.; retentive, tenacious.
unforfeited[obs3], undeprived, undisposed, uncommunicated.
incommunicable, inalienable; in mortmain[Fr]; in strict settlement.
Phr. uti possidetis[Lat].

<-- p. 261 -->

#782. Relinquishment.-- N. relinquishment, abandonment &c. (of a
course) 624; renunciation, expropriation|!, dereliction; cession,
surrender, dispensation; quitclaim deed; resignation &c.757; riddance.
derelict &c. adj.; foundling; jetsam, waif.
discards, culls, rejects; garbage, refuse, rubbish.
V. relinquish, give up, surrender, yield, cede; let go, let slip;
spare, drop, resign, forego, renounce, abandon, expropriate|!, give away,
dispose of, part with; lay aside, lay apart, lay down, lay on the shelf &c.
(disuse) 678; set aside, put aside, put away; make away with, cast behind;
maroon.
give notice to quit, give warning; supersede; be rid of, get rid of,
be quit of, get quit of; eject &c. 297.
rid oneself of, disburden oneself of, divest oneself of, dispossess
oneself of; wash one's hands of.
discard, cast off, dismiss; cast away, throw away, pitch away, fling
away, cast aside, cast overboard, cast to the dogs, throw aside, throw
overboard, throw to the dogs, pitch aside, pitch overboard, pitch to the
dogs, fling aside, fling overboard, fling to the dogs; cast to the winds,
throw to the winds, sweep to the winds; put away, turn away, sweep away;
jettison; reject.
quit one's hold, quitclaim.
Adj. relinquished &c. v.; cast off, derelict; unowned, unappropriated,
unculled; left &c. (residuary) 40.
Int. away with!

%
2. Transfer of Property
%

#783. Transfer.-- N. transfer, conveyance, assignment, alienation,
abalienation[obs3]; demise, limitation; conveyancing[obs3]; transmission
&c. (transference) 270; enfeoffment[obs3], bargain and sale, lease and
release; exchange &c. (interchange) 148; barter &c. 794; substitution &c.
147.
succession, reversion; shifting use, shifting trust; devolution.
V. transfer, convey; alienate, alien; assign; grant &c. (confer) 784;
consign; make over, hand over; pass, hand, transmit, negotiate; hand down;
exchange &c.(interchange) 148.
change hands, change hands from one to another; devolve, succeed; come
into possession &c. (acquire) 775.
abalienate[obs3]; disinherit; dispossess &c. 789; substitute &c. 147.
Adj. alienable, negotiable.
Phr. estate coming into possession.

#784. Giving.-- N. giving &c. v.; bestowal, bestowment[obs3],
donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery,
consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment,
investiture; award.
almsgiving[obs3], charity, liberality, generosity.
[Thing given] gift, donation, present, cadeau[obs3]; fairing; free
gift, boon, favor, benefaction, grant, offering, oblation, sacrifice,
immolation; lagniappe [U.S.], pilon [obs3][U.S.].
grace, act of grace, bonus.
allowance, contribution, subscription, subsidy, tribute, subvention.
bequest, legacy, devise, will, dotation[obs3], dot, appanage;
voluntary settlement, voluntary conveyance &c. 783; amortization.
alms, largess, bounty, dole, sportule|, donative[obs3], help,
oblation, offertory, honorarium, gratuity, Peter pence, sportula[obs3],
Christmas box, Easter offering, vail[obs3], douceur[Fr], drink money,
pourboire, trinkgeld[Ger], bakshish[obs3]; fee &c. (recompense) 973;
consideration.
bribe, bait, ground bait; peace offering, handsel; boodle*, graft,
grease*;blat[Russian].
giver, grantor &c. v.; donor, feoffer[obs3], settlor.
V. deliver, hand, pass, put into the hands of; hand over, make over,
deliver over, pass over, turn over; assign dower.
present, give away, dispense, dispose of; give out, deal out, dole
out, mete out, fork out, squeeze out.
pay &c. 807; render, impart, communicate.
concede, cede, yield, part with, shed, cast; spend &c. 809.
give, bestow, confer, grant, accord, award, assign.
intrust, consign, vest in.
make a present; allow, contribute, subscribe, furnish its quota.
invest, endow, settle upon; bequeath, leave, devise.
furnish, supply, help; administer to; afford, spare; accommodate with,
indulge with, favor with; shower down upon; lavish, pour on, thrust upon.
tip, bribe; tickle the palm, grease the palm; offer &c. 763;
sacrifice, immolate.
Adj. giving &c. v.; given &c. v.; allowed, allowable;
concessional[obs3]; communicable; charitable, eleemosynary, sportulary|,
tributary; gratis &c. 815; donative[obs3].
Phr. auctor pretiosa facit[Lat]; ex dono[Lat]; res est ingeniosa dare
[Lat][Ovid].

<-- p. 262 -->

#785. Receiving.-- N. receiving &c. v.; acquisition &c. 775; reception
&c. (introduction) 296; suscipiency|!, acceptance, admission.
recipient, accipient[obs3]; assignee, devisee; legatee,
legatary[obs3]; grantee, feoffee[obs3], donee[Fr], releasee[Law],
relessee[obs3], lessee; receiver.
sportulary|, stipendiary; beneficiary; pensioner, pensionary[obs3];
almsman[obs3].
income &c. (receipt) 810.
V. receive; take &c. 789; acquire &c. 775; admit.
take in, catch, touch; pocket; put into one's pocket, put into one's
purse; accept; take off one's hands.
be received; come in, come to hand; pass into one's hand, fall into
one's hand; go into one's pocket; fall to one's lot, fall to one's share;
come to one, fall to one; accrue; have given &c. 784 to one.
Adj. receiving &c. v.; recipient, suscipient|!.
received &c. v.; given &c. 784; secondhand.
not given, unbestowed &c. (see give, bestow &c. 784).

#786. Apportionment.-- N. apportionment, allotment, consignment,
assignment, appointment; appropriation; dispensation, distribution;
division, deal; repartition, partition; administration.
dividend, portion, contingent, share, allotment, fair share,
allocation, lot, measure, dose; dole, meed, pittance; quantum, ration;
ratio, proportion, quota, modicum, mess, allowance; suerte[obs3].
V. apportion, divide; distribute, administer, dispense; billet, allot,
detail, cast, share, mete; portion out, parcel out, dole out; deal, carve.
allocate, ration, ration out; assign; separate &c. 44.
partition, assign, appropriate, appoint.
come in for one's share &c. (participate) 778.
Adj. apportioning &c. v.; respective.
Adv. respectively, each to each.

#787. Lending.-- N. lending &c. v.; loan, advance, accommodation,
feneration|; mortgage, second mortgage, home loan &c. (security) 771;
investment; note, bond, commercial paper.
mont de piete[Fr], pawnshop, my uncle's.
lender, pawnbroker, money lender; usurer, loan shark.
loaner
V[item loaned][coll.]. lend, advance, accommodate with; lend on
security; loan; pawn &c. (security) 771.
intrust, invest; place out to interest, put out to interest.
let, demise, lease, sett[obs3], underlet.
Adj. lending &c. v.; lent &c. v.; unborrowed &c. (see borrowed &c.
788)[obs3].
Adv. in advance; on loan, on security.

#788. Borrowing.-- N. borrowing, pledging.
borrowed plumes; plagiarism &c. (thieving) 791.
replevin[Law].
V. borrow, desume|.
hire, rent, farm; take a lease, take a demise; take by the hour, take
by the mile, take by the year &c., hire by the hour, hire by the mile, hire
by the year &c.; adopt, apply, appropriate, imitate, make use of, take.
raise money, take up money; raise the wind; fly a kite, borrow from
Peter to pay Paul; run into debt &c. (debt) 806.
replevy[Law].

<-- p. 263 -->

#789. Taking.-- N. taking &c. v.; reception &c. (taking in) 296;
deglutition &c. (taking food) 298; appropriation, prehension, prensation|;
capture, caption; apprehension, deprehension|; abreption|, seizure,
expropriation, abduction, ablation; subtraction, withdrawal &c. 38;
abstraction, ademption[obs3]; adrolepsy|!.
dispossession; deprivation, deprivement[obs3]; bereavement;
divestment; disherison[obs3]; distraint, distress; sequestration,
confiscation; eviction &c. 297.
rapacity, rapaciousness, extortion, vampirism; theft &c.791.
resumption; reprise, reprisal; recovery &c. 775.
clutch, swoop, wrench; grip &c. (retention) 781; haul, take, catch;
scramble.
taker, captor.
[Geol: descent of one of the earth's crustal plates under another
plate] subduction.
V. take, catch, hook, nab, bag, sack, pocket, put into one's pocket;
receive; accept.
reap, crop, cull, pluck; gather &c. (get) 775; draw.
appropriate, expropriate, impropriate[obs3]; assume, possess oneself
of; take possession of; commandeer; lay one's hands on, clap one's hands
on; help oneself to; make free with, dip one's hands into, lay under
contribution; intercept; scramble for; deprive of.
take away, carry away, bear away, take off, carry off, bear off;
adeem|!; abstract; hurry off with, run away with; abduct; steal &c. 791;
ravish; seize; pounce upon, spring upon; swoop to, swoop down upon; take by
storm, take by assault; snatch, reave[obs3].
snap up, nip up, whip up, catch up; kidnap, crimp, capture, lay
violent hands on.
get hold of, lay hold of, take hold of, catch hold of, lay fast hold
of, take firm hold of; lay by the heels, take prisoner; fasten upon, grip,
grapple, embrace, gripe, clasp, grab, clutch, collar, throttle, take by the
throat, claw, clinch, clench, make sure of.
catch at, jump at, make a grab at, snap at, snatch at; reach, make a
long arm, stretch forth one's hand.
take from, take away from; disseize[obs3]; deduct &c. 38; retrench &c.
(curtail) 201; dispossess, ease one of, snatch from one's grasp; tear from,
tear away from, wrench from, wrest from, wring from; extort; deprive of,
bereave; disinherit, cut off with a shilling.
oust &c. (eject) 297; divest; levy, distrain, confiscate; sequester,
sequestrate; accroach[obs3]; usurp; despoil, strip, fleece, shear,
displume[obs3], impoverish, eat out of house and home; drain, drain to the
dregs; gut, dry, exhaust, swallow up; absorb &c. (suck in) 296; draw off;
suck the blood of, suck like a leech.
retake, resume; recover &c. 775.
Adj. taking &c.v.; privative[obs3], prehensile; predaceous,
predal[obs3], predatory, predatorial[obs3]; lupine, rapacious, raptorial;
ravenous; parasitic.
bereft &c. 776.
Adv. at one fell swoop.
Phr. give an inch and take an ell.


#790. Restitution.-- N. restitution, return; rendition,
reddition[obs3]; restoration; reinvestment, recuperation; rehabilitation
&c. (reconstruction) 660; reparation, atonement; compensation,
indemnification.
release, replevin[Law], redemption; recovery &c. (getting back) 775;
remitter, reversion.
V. return, restore; give back, carry back, bring back; render, render
up; give up; let go, unclutch; disgorge, regorge[obs3]; regurgitate;
recoup, reimburse, compensate, indemnify; remit, rehabilitate; repair &c.
(make good) 660.
[transitive] reinvest, revest, reinstate.
redeem, recover &c. (get back) 775; take back again.
[intransitive] revest, revert.
Adj. restoring &c. v.; recuperative &c. 660.
Phr. suum cuique[Lat].

<-- p. 264 -->

#791. Stealing.-- N. stealing &c. v.; theft, thievery, latrociny|,
direption[obs3]; abstraction, appropriation; plagiary, plagiarism;
autoplagiarism[obs3]; latrocinium[obs3].
spoliation, plunder, pillage; sack, sackage[obs3]; rapine, brigandage,
foray, razzia[obs3], rape, depredation, raid; blackmail.
piracy, privateering, buccaneering; license to plunder, letters of
marque, letters of mark and reprisal.
filibustering, filibusterism[obs3]; burglary; housebreaking; badger
game*.
robbery, highway robbery, hold-up* [U.S.], mugging.
peculation, embezzlement; fraud &c. 545; larceny, petty larceny, grand
larceny, shoplifting.
thievishness, rapacity, kleptomania, Alsatia[obs3], den of Cacus, den
of thieves.
blackmail, extortion, shakedown, Black Hand [U.S.].
[person who commits theft] thief &c. 792.
V. steal, thieve, rob, mug, purloin, pilfer, filch, prig, bag, nim|,
crib, cabbage, palm; abstract; appropriate, plagiarize.
convey away, carry off, abduct, kidnap, crimp; make off with, walk off
with, run off with; run away with; spirit away, seize &c. (lay violent
hands on) 789.
plunder, pillage, rifle, sack, loot, ransack, spoil, spoliate[obs3],
despoil, strip, sweep, gut, forage, levy blackmail, pirate, pickeer|,
maraud, lift cattle, poach; smuggle, run; badger*; bail up, hold up, stick
up; bunco, bunko, filibuster.
swindle, peculate, embezzle; sponge, mulct, rook, bilk, pluck, pigeon,
fleece; defraud &c.545; obtain under false pretenses; live by one's wits.
rob Peter to pay Paul, borrow of Peter to pay Paul; set a thief to
catch a thief.
disregard the distinction between meum and tuum[Lat].
[receive stolen goods] fence, launder, launder money.
Adj. thieving &c. v.; thievish, light-fingered; furacious[obs3],
furtive; piratical; predaceous, predal[obs3], predatory, predatorial[obs3];
raptorial &c. (rapacious) 789.
stolen &c. v.
Phr. sic vos non vobis[Lat].

#792. Thief.-- N. thief, robber, homo triumliterarum[obs3][Lat],
pilferer, rifler, filcher[obs3], plagiarist.
spoiler, depredator, pillager, marauder; harpy, shark*, land shark,
falcon, mosstrooper[obs3], bushranger[obs3], Bedouin|!, brigand,
freebooter, bandit, thug, dacoit[obs3]; pirate, corsair, viking, Paul
Jones|!, buccaneer, buccanier|!; piqueerer|, pickeerer|; rover, ranger,
privateer, filibuster; rapparee[obs3], wrecker, picaroon[obs3]; smuggler,
poacher; abductor, badger*, bunko man, cattle thief, chor[obs3],
contrabandist[obs3], crook, hawk, holdup man, hold-up* [U.S.], jackleg*
[obs3][U.S.], kidnaper, rustler, cattle rustler, sandbagger, sea king,
skin*, sneak thief, spieler[obs3], strong-arm man [U.S.].
highwayman, Dick Turpin, Claude Duval, Macheath, footpad, sturdy
beggar.
cut purse, pick purse; pickpocket, light-fingered gentry; sharper;
card sharper, skittle sharper; thimblerigger; rook*, Greek, blackleg, leg,
welsher*; defaulter; Autolycus[obs3], Jeremy Diddler[obs3], Robert Macaire,
artful dodger, trickster; swell mob*, chevalier d'industrie [Fr];
shoplifter.
swindler, peculator; forger, coiner; fence, receiver of stolen goods,
duffer; smasher.
burglar, housebreaker; cracksman[obs3], magsman*[obs3]; Bill Sikes,
Jack Sheppard, Jonathan Wild.
gang[group of thieves], gang of thieves, theft ring; organized crime,
mafia, the Sicilian Mafia, the mob, la cosa nostra [Italian].
Dillinger[famous thieves], Al Capone; Robin Hood.

#793. Booty.-- N. booty, spoil, plunder, prize, loot, swag*, pickings;
spolia opima[Lat], prey; blackmail; stolen goods.
Adj. manubial|.

%
3. Interchange of Property
%

#794. Barter.-- N. barter, exchange, scorse|, truck system;
interchange &c. 148.
a Roland for an Oliver; quid pro quo; commutation, composition; Indian
gift [U.S.].
trade, commerce, mercature|, buying and selling, bargain and sale;
traffic, business, nundination|, custom, shopping; commercial enterprise,
speculation, jobbing, stockjobbing[obs3], agiotage[obs3], brokery[obs3].
deal, dealing, transaction, negotiation, bargain.
free trade.
V. barter, exchange, swap, swop[obs3], truck, scorse|; interchange &c.
148; commutate &c.(substitute) 147; compound for.
trade, traffic, buy and sell, give and take, nundinate|; carry on a
trade, ply a trade, drive a trade; be in business, be in the city; keep a
shop, deal in, employ one's capital in.
trade with, deal with, have dealings with; transact business with, do
business with; open an account with, keep an account with.
bargain; drive a bargain, make a bargain; negotiate, bid for; haggle,
higgle[obs3]; dicker [U.S.]; chaffer, huckster, cheapen, beat down;
stickle, stickle for; out bid, under bid; ask, charge; strike a bargain &c.
(contract) 769.
speculate, give a sprat to catch a herring; buy in the cheapest and
sell in the dearest market, buy low and sell high; corner the market; rig
the market, stag the market.
Adj. commercial, mercantile, trading; interchangeable, marketable,
staple, in the market, for sale.
wholesale, retail.
Adv. across the counter.
Phr. cambio non e furto[It].

<-- p. 265 -->

#795. Purchase.-- N. purchase, emption[obs3]; buying, purchasing,
shopping; preemption, refusal.
coemption[obs3], bribery; slave trade.
buyer, purchaser, emptor, vendee; patron, employer, client, customer,
clientele.
V. buy, purchase, invest in, procure; rent &c. (hire) 788; repurchase,
buy in.
keep in one's pay, bribe, suborn; pay &c.807; spend &c.809.
make a purchase, complete a purchase; buy over the counter.
shop, market, go shopping.
Adj. purchased &c. v.
Phr. caveat emptor; the customer is always right.

#796. Sale.-- N. sale, vent, disposal; auction, roup, Dutch auction;
outcry, vendue[obs3]; custom &c. (traffic) 794.
vendibility, vendibleness[obs3].
seller; vender, vendor; merchant &c. 797; auctioneer.
V. sell, vend, dispose of, effect a sale; sell over the counter, sell
by auction &c. n.; dispense, retail; deal in &c. 794; sell off, sell out;
turn into money, realize; bring to the hammer, bring under the hammer, put
up to auction, put up for auction; offer for sale, put up for sale; hawk,
bring to market; offer &c. 763; undersell.
let; mortgage &c.(security) 771.
Adj. under the hammer, on the market, for sale.
salable, marketable, vendible; unsalable &c., unpurchased[obs3],
unbought; on one's hands.
Phr. chose qui plait est a demi vendue[obs3][Fr].

#797. Merchant.-- N. merchant, trader, dealer, monger, chandler,
salesman; changer; regrater[obs3]; shopkeeper, shopman[obs3]; tradesman,
tradespeople, tradesfolk.
retailer; chapman, hawker, huckster, higgler[obs3]; pedlar,
colporteur, cadger, Autolycus[obs3]; sutler[obs3], vivandiere[obs3];
costerman[obs3], costermonger[obs3]; tallyman; camelot; faker; vintner.
money broker, money changer, money lender; cambist[obs3], usurer,
moneyer[obs3], banker.
jobber; broker &c. (agent) 758; buyer &c. 795; seller &c.796; bear,
bull.
concern; firm &c. (partnership) 712.

#798. Merchandise.-- N. merchandise, ware, commodity, effects, goods,
article, stock, product, produce, staple commodity; stock in trade &c.
(store) 636; cargo &c. (contents) 190.

#799. Mart.-- N. mart; market, marketplace; fair, bazaar, staple,
exchange, change, bourse, hall, guildhall; tollbooth, customhouse;
Tattersall's.
stall, booth, stand, newsstand; cart, wagon.
wharf; office, chambers, countinghouse, bureau; counter, compter[Fr].
shop, emporium, establishment; store &c.636; department store, general
store, five and ten, variety store, co-op, finding store [U.S.], grindery
warehouse[obs3].
[food stores: list] grocery, supermarket, candy store, sweet shop,
confectionery, bakery, greengrocer, delicatessen, bakeshop, butcher shop,
fish store, farmers' market, mom and pop store, dairy, health food store.
[specialized stores: list] tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists,
cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore, liquor store, gun
shop, rod and reel shop, furniture store, drugstore, chemist's [British],
florist, flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer's, electronics shop,
telephone store, music store, record shop, fur store, sporting goods store,
video store, video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home
improvements store, home improvement center; gas station, auto repair shop,
auto dealer, used car dealer.
mall, suburban mall, commons, pedestrian mall; shopping street.
surplus store, army-navy surplus store.
[locations where used articles are sold] auction; flea market; yard
sale, garage sale; pawn shop; antiques store; second-hand store, second
time around shop, thrift shop.
warehouse, wareroom[obs3]; depot, interposit[obs3], entrepot[Fr].
market-overt.
real-estate broker.
vending machine.

<-- here add entry for stock market (financial instruments market ) and
securities -->
#799a. Stock Market [specialized markets for financial instruments] --
N. stock market, stock exchange, securities exchange; bourse, board; the
big board, the New York Stock Exchange; the market, the open market; over-
the-counter market; privately traded issues.
commodities exchange, futures exchange, futures market.
the pit, the floor.
ticker, stock ticker, quotation; stock index, market index, the Dow
Jones Index, the Dow Industrials, the transportation index, utilities, the
utilities index; the New York Stock Exchange index, the Nikkei index
[Japan]; the Financial Times index, the FTI [England], the over-the-counter
index, NASDAQ index.
[person or firm trading securities] broker, stockbroker, jobber, stock
dealer, odd-lot dealer; specialist.
[person who buys or sells stocks] investor, speculator, operator;
bull, buyer; bear, short seller; scalper, arbitrager[obs3],
arbitrageur[obs3]; stockholder, share-holder, stockholder of record; bond
holder, coupon-clipper [derogatory].
investment; speculation.
V. speculate, invest, trade, trade stocks, play the market; buy long,
sell short, take a position, straddle; take a plunge, plunge in, take a
flier [coll.].

#799b. Securities. -- N. securities, stocks, common stock, preferred
stock, bonds, puts, calls, options, option contract, warrants, commercial
paper, bearer bond, tax-exempt bond, callable bond, convertable bond[obs3].
share, stock certificate; coupon, bond coupon.
liquid assets.

<-- p. 266 -->
%
4. Monetary Relations
%

#800. Money.-- N. money, legal tender; money matters, money market;
finance; accounts &c. 811; funds, treasure; capital, stock; assets
&c.(property) 780; wealth &c. 803; supplies, ways and means, wherewithal,
sinews of war, almighty dollar, needful, cash; mammon.
[colloquial terms for money] dough, cabbage.
money-like instruments, M1, M2.
sum, amount; balance, balance sheet; sum total; proceeds &c.(receipts)
810.
currency, circulating medium, specie, coin, piece[Fr], hard cash, cold
cash; dollar, sterling coin; pounds shillings and pence; Ls.d.; pocket,
breeches pocket, purse; money in hand, cash at hand; ready money, ready
cash; slug [U.S.], wad* wad of bills[U.S.], wad of money, thick wad of
bills, roll of dough[coll]; rhino|!, blunt|!, dust|!, mopus|!, tin|!,
salt|!, chink|!; argent comptant[Lat]; bottom dollar, buzzard dollar|!;
checks, dibs*[obs3].
[specific types of currency] double eagle, eagle; Federal currency,
fractional currency, postal currency; Federal Reserve Note, United States
Note, silver certificate [obsolete], gold certificate [obsolete]; long bit,
short bit [U.S.]; moss, nickel, pile*, pin money, quarter [U.S.], red cent,
roanoke[obs3], rock*; seawan[obs3], seawant[obs3]; thousand dollars,
grand[coll.].
[types of paper currency, U.S.] single, one-dollar bill; two-dollar
bill; five-dollar bill, fiver[coll.], fin [coll.], Lincoln; ten-dollar
bill, sawbuck; twenty-dollar bill, Jackson, double sawbuck; fifty-dollar
bill; hundred-dollar bill, C-note.
[types of U.S. coins: list] penny, cent, Lincoln cent, indian head
penny, copper[1700 -1900]; two-cent piece three-cent piece
[Fr][obsolete][obsolete], half-dime[obsolete], nickel, buffalo nickel, V
nickel [obsolete], dime, disme|!, mercury dime[obsolete], quarter, two
bits, half dollar, dollar, silver dollar, Eisenhower dollar, Susan B.
Anthony dollar[obs3].
precious metals, gold, silver, copper, bullion, ingot, nugget.
petty cash, pocket money, change, small change, small coin,
doit[obs3], stiver[obs3], rap, mite, farthing, sou, penny, shilling,
tester, groat, guinea; rouleau[obs3]; wampum; good sum, round sum, lump
sum; power of money, plum, lac of rupees.
major coin, crown; minor coin.
monetarist, monetary theory.
[Science of coins] numismatics, chrysology[obs3].
[coin scholar or collector] numismatist.
paper money, greenback; major denomination, minor denomination; money
order, postal money order, Post Office order; bank note; bond; bill, bill
of exchange; order, warrant, coupon, debenture, exchequer bill,
assignat[obs3]; blueback [obs3][U.S.], hundi[obs3], shinplaster* [U.S.].
note, note of hand; promissory note, I O U; draft, check, cheque,
back-dated check; negotiable order of withdrawal, NOW.
remittance &c.(payment) 807; credit &c.805; liability
&c.806.
drawer, drawee[obs3]; obligor[obs3], obligee[obs3]; moneyer[obs3],
coiner.
false money, bad money; base coin, flash note, slip|, kite*; fancy
stocks; Bank of Elegance.
argumentum ad crumenam[Lat].
letter of credit.
circulation, multiplier effect.
[variation in the value of currency] inflation, double-digit
inflation, hyperinflation, erosion of the currency, debasement of the
currency; deflation; stagflation.
[relative value of two currencies] exchange rate, rate of exchange,
floating exchange rates, fixed rates.
[place to exchange currencies] currency counter, currency exchange,
bureau de change [French].
gold-backed currency, gold standard, silver standard.
bank account, savings account, checking account, money market account,
NOW account, time deposit, deposit, demand deposit, super NOW account;
certificate of deposit, CD.
[money symbols] $, U.S. $, A$.
[authorities controlling currency, U.S] Federal Reserve Bank, central
bank; Federal Reserve Board, board of governors of the Federal Reserve;
Treasury Department; Secret Service.
[place where money is manufactured] mint, bureau of engraving.
[government profit in manufacturing money] seigniorage.
[false money] counterfeit, funny money, bogus money, (see falsehood)
545.
[cost of money] interest, interest rate, discount rate.
V. amount to, come to, mount up to; touch the pocket; draw, draw upon;
indorse &c. (security) 771; issue, utter; discount &c. 813; back;
demonetize, remonetize; fiscalize[obs3], monetize.
circulate, be in circulation; be out of circulation.
[manufacture currency] mint[coins], coin; print[paper currency].
[vary the value of money] inflate, deflate; debase; devalue, revalue.
[vary the amount of money] circulate, put in circulation; withdraw
from circulation.
[change the type of currency] exchange currencies, change money.
charge interest; pay interest; lose interest.
Adj. monetary, pecuniary, crumenal|, fiscal, financial, sumptuary,
numismatic, numismatical[obs3]; sterling; nummary[obs3].
Phr. barbarus ipse placet dummodo sit dives [Lat][Ovid]; "but the
jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that honor feels" [Tennyson]; Gelt
regiert die Welt [German: money rules the world], money makes the world go
round; nervos belli pecuniam infinitam [Lat][Cicero]; redet Geld so
schweigt die Welt [German]; "money is the mother's milk of politics" [Tip
O'Neill]; money is the root of all evil; money isn't everything; "as phony
as a three-dollar bill"; "don't take any wooden nickels".


#801. Treasurer.-- N. treasurer; bursar, bursary; purser, purse
bearer; cash keeper, banker; depositary; questor[obs3], receiver, steward,
trustee, accountant, Accountant General, almoner, liquidator, paymaster,
cashier, teller; cambist[obs3]; money changer &c. (merchant) 797.
financier.
Secretary of the Treasury; Chancellor of the Exchequer, minister of
finance.

#802. Treasury.-- N. treasury, bank, exchequer, fisc, hanaper[obs3];
cash register, kutcherry[obs3], bursary; strong box, strong hold, strong
room; coffer; chest &c.(receptacle) 191; safe; bank vault; depository &c.
636; till, tiller; purse; money bag, money box; porte-monnaie[Fr].
purse strings; pocket, breeches pocket.
sinking fund; stocks; public stocks, public funds, public securities,
parliamentary stocks, parliamentary funds, parliamentary securities;
Consols, credit mobilier[Fr]; bonds.

#803. Wealth.-- N. wealth, riches, fortune, handsome fortune,
opulence, affluence; good circumstances, easy circumstances; independence;
competence &c. (sufficiency) 639; solvency.
provision, livelihood, maintenance; alimony, dowry; means, resources,
substance; property &c. 780; command of money.
income &c. 810; capital, money; round sum &c. (treasure) 800; mint of
money, mine of wealth, El Dorado[Sp], bonanza, Pacatolus, Golconda, Potosi.
long purse, full purse, well lined purse, heavy purse, deep pockets;
purse of Fortunatus[Lat]; embarras de richesses[Fr].
pelf, Mammon, lucre, filthy lucre; loaves and fishes|!.
rich man, moneyed man, warm man; man of substance; capitalist,
millionaire, tippybob*[obs3], Nabob, Croesus, idas, Plutus, Dives, Timon of
Athens[obs3]; Timocracy, Plutocracy; Danae.
V. be rich &c. adj.; roll in wealth, roll in riches, wallow in wealth,
wallow in riches.
afford, well afford; command money, command a sum; make both ends
meet, hold one's head above water.
become rich &c. adj.; strike it rich; come into a sum of money,
receive a windfall, receive an inheritance, hit the jackpot, win the
lottery; fill one's pocket &c. (treasury) 802; feather one's nest, make a
fortune; make money &c. (acquire) 775.
[transitive] enrich, imburse[obs3].
worship the golden calf, worship Mammon.
Adj. wealthy, rich, affluent, opulent, moneyed, monied, worth much;
well to do, well off; warm; comfortable, well, well provided for.
made of money; rich as Croesus, filthy rich, rich as a Jew|!; rolling
in riches, rolling in wealth.
flush, flush of cash, flush of money, flush of tin*; in funds, in
cash, in full feather; solvent, pecunious[obs3], out of debt, in the black,
all straight.
Phr. one's ship coming in.
amour fait beaucoup mais argent fait tout [French: love does much but
money does everything]; aurea rumpunt tecta quietem [Lat][Seneca]; magna
servitus ist magna fortuna[Latin]; "mammon, the least erected spirit that
fell from Heaven" [Paradise Lost]; opum furiata cupido [Lat][Ovid]; vera
prosperita e non aver necessita [It]; wie gewonnen so zerronnen [German].

<-- p. 267 -->

#804. Poverty.-- N. poverty, indigence, penury, pauperism,
destitution, want; need, neediness; lack, necessity, privation, distress,
difficulties, wolf at the door.
bad circumstances, poor circumstances, need circumstances, embarrassed
circumstances, reduced circumstances, straightened circumstances; slender
means, narrow means; straits; hand to mouth existence, res angusta
domi[obs3][Lat], low water, impecuniosity.
beggary; mendicancy, mendicity[obs3]; broken fortune, loss of fortune;
insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808.
empty pocket, empty purse; light purse; beggarly account of empty
boxes.
[poor people] poor man, pauper, mendicant, mumper[obs3], beggar,
starveling; pauvre diable[Fr]; fakir|!, schnorrer|!; homeless person.
V. be poor &c. adj.; want, lack, starve, live from hand to mouth, have
seen better days, go down in the world, come upon the parish; go to the
dogs, go to wrack and ruin; not have a penny &c. (money) 800, not have a
shot in one's locker; beg one's bread; tirer le diable par la queue[Fr];
run into debt &c. (debt) 806.
render poor &c. adj.; impoverish; reduce, reduce to poverty;
pauperize, fleece, ruin, bring to the parish.
Adj. poor, indigent; poverty-stricken; badly off, poorly off, ill off;
poor as a rat, poor as a church mouse, poor as a Job; fortuneless[obs3],
dowerless[obs3], moneyless[obs3], penniless; unportioned[obs3],
unmoneyed[obs3]; impecunious; out of money, out of cash, short of money,
short of cash; without a rap, not worth a rap &c.(money) 800; qui n'a pas
le sou[Fr], out of pocket, hard up; out at elbows, out at heels; seedy,
bare-footed; beggarly, beggared; destitute; fleeced, stripped; bereft,
bereaved; reduced; homeless.
in want &c. n.; needy, necessitous, distressed, pinched, straitened;
put to one's shifts, put to one's last shifts; unable to keep the wolf from
the door, unable to make both ends meet; embarrassed, under hatches;
involved &c. (in debt) 806; insolvent &c. (not paying) 808.
Adv. in forma pauperis[Lat].
Phr. zonam perdidit[Lat]; "a penniless lass wi' a lang pedigree" [Lady
Nairne]; a pobreza no hay verguenza[Sp]; "he that is down can fall no
lower" [Butler]; poca roba poco pensiero[It]; "steeped . . . in poverty to
the very lips" [Othello]; "the short and simple annals of the poor" [Gray].

#805. Credit.-- N. credit, trust, tick, score, tally, account.
letter of credit, circular note; duplicate; mortgage, lien, debenture,
paper credit, floating capital; draft, lettre de creance[Fr][obs3],
securities.
creditor, lender, lessor, mortgagee; dun; usurer.
credit account, line of credit, open line of credit.
credit card.
V. keep an account with, run up an account with; intrust, credit,
accredit.
place to one's credit, credit to one's account, place to one's
account|!; give credit, take credit; fly a kite|!.
Adj. crediting, credited; accredited.
Adv. on credit &c. n.; on account; to the account of, to the credit
of; a compte[Fr].

#806. Debt.-- N. debt, obligation, liability, indebtment[obs3], debit,
score.
bill; check; account (credit) 805.
arrears, deferred payment, deficit, default, insolvency &c.
(nonpayment) 808; bad debt.
interest; premium; usance[obs3], usury; floating debt, floating
capital.
debtor, debitor[obs3]; mortgagor; defaulter &c. 808; borrower.
V. be in debt &c. adj.; owe; incur a debt, contract a debt &c. n.; run
up a bill, run up a score, run up an account; go on tick; borrow &c. 788;
run into debt, get into debt, outrun the constable; run up debts, run up
bills (spend) 809..
answer for, go bail for.
[notify a person of his indebtedness: ISA:written_communication] bill,
charge.
Adj. indebted; liable, chargeable, answerable for.
in debt, in embarrassed circumstances, in difficulties; incumbered,
involved; involved in debt, plunged in debt, deep in debt, over one's head
in debt, over head and ears in debt; deeply involved; fast tied up;
insolvent &c. (not paying) 808; minus, out of pocket.
unpaid; unrequited, unrewarded; owing, due, in arrear[obs3],
outstanding; past due.
Phr. aes alienum debitorem leve gravius inimicum facit [obs3][Latin];
"neither a borrower nor a lender be" [Hamlet].

<-- p. 268 -->

<-- make salary separate -->
#807. Payment.-- N. payment, defrayment[obs3]; discharge; acquittance,
quittance; settlement, clearance, liquidation, satisfaction, reckoning,
arrangement.
acknowledgment, release; receipt, receipt in full, receipt in full of
all demands; voucher.
salary, compensation, remuneration (reward) 973.
repayment, reimbursement, retribution; pay &c.(reward) 973; money paid
&c. (expenditure) 809.
ready money &c. (cash) 800; stake, remittance, installment.
payer, liquidator &c. 801.
pay cash, pay cash on the barrelhead.
V. pay, defray, make payment; paydown, pay on the nail, pay ready
money, pay at sight, pay in advance; cash, honor a bill, acknowledge;
redeem; pay in kind.
pay one's way, pay one's shot, pay one's footing; pay the piper, pay
sauce for all, pay costs; do the needful; shell out, fork out; cough up
[coll.], fork over; come down with, come down with the dust; tickle the
palm, grease the palm; expend &c. 809; put down, lay down.
discharge, settle, quit, acquit oneself of; foot the bill; account
with, reckon with, settle with, be even with, be quits with; strike a
balance; settle accounts with, balance accounts with, square accounts with;
quit scores; wipe off old scores, clear off old scores; satisfy; pay in
full; satisfy all demands, pay in full of all demands; clear, liquidate;
pay up, pay old debts.
disgorge, make repayment; repay, refund, reimburse, retribute[obs3];
make compensation &c.30.
pay by credit card, put it on the plastic.
Adj. paying &c. paid &c. v.; owing nothing, out of debt, all straight;
unowed[obs3], never indebted.
Adv. to the tune of; on the nail, money down.

#808. Nonpayment -- N. nonpayment; default, defalcation; protest,
repudiation; application of the sponge|!; whitewashing.
insolvency, bankruptcy, failure; insufficiency &c. 640; run upon a
bank; overdrawn account.
waste paper bonds; dishonored bills, protested bills; bogus check,
bogus cheque, rubber check.
bankrupt, insolvent, debtor, lame duck, man of straw, welsher, stag,
defaulter, levanter|!.
V. not pay &c. 807; fail, break, stop payment; become insolvent,
become bankrupt; be gazetted.
protest, dishonor, repudiate, nullify, refuse payment.
pay under protest; button up one's pockets, draw the purse strings;
apply the sponge; pay over the left shoulder, get whitewashed; swindle &c.
791; run up bills, fly kites.
Adj. not paying, non-paying, non-performing; in debt &c. 806;
behindhand, in arrear[obs3], behind in payments, in arrears; beggared &c.
(poor) 804; unable to make both ends meet, minus; worse than nothing;
worthless.
insolvent, bankrupt, in the gazette, gazetted.
unpaid &c. (outstanding) 806; gratis &c. 815; unremunerated.


#809. Expenditure.-- N. expenditure, money going out; out goings, out
lay; expenses, disbursement; prime cost &c. (price) 812; circulation; run
upon a bank.
payment &c.807[Money paid]; pay &c. (remuneration) 973; bribe &c.
973; fee, footing, garnish; subsidy; tribute; contingent, quota; donation
&c.784.
pay in advance, earnest, handsel, deposit, installment.
investment; purchase &c. 795.
V. expend, spend; run through, get through; pay, disburse; ante, ante
up; pony up* [U.S.]; open the purse strings, loose the purse strings, untie
the purse strings; lay out, shell out*, fork out*, fork over; bleed; make
up a sum, invest, sink money.
run up debts, run up bills (debt) 806.
fee &c. (reward) 973; pay one's way &c. (pay) 807; subscribe &c.
(give) 784; subsidize.
Adj. expending, expended &c. v.; sumptuary.
Phr. vectigalia nervos esse reipublicae [Lat][Cicero].

#810. Receipt.-- N. receipt, value received, money coming in; income,
incomings, innings, revenue, return, proceeds; gross receipts, net profit;
earnings &c. (gain) 775; accepta[obs3], avails.
rent, rent roll; rental, rentage[obs3]; rack-rent.
premium, bonus; sweepstakes, tontine.
pension, annuity; jointure &c.(property) 780[obs3]; alimony, palimony
[coll.], pittance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973.
V. receive &c. 785; take money; draw from, derive from; acquire &c.
775; take &c. 789.
bring in, yield, afford, pay, return; accrue &c. (be received from)
785.
Adj. receiving, received &c. v.; profitable &c. (gainful) 775.

<-- p. 269 -->

#811. Accounts.-- N. accounts, accompts|!; commercial arithmetic,
monetary arithmetic; statistics &c. (numeration) 85; money matters,
finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning, account.
books, account book, ledger; day book, cash book, pass book; journal;
debtor and creditor account, cash account, running account; account
current; balance, balance sheet; compte rendu[Fr], account settled, acquit,
assets, expenditure, liabilities, outstanding accounts; profit and loss
account, profit and loss statement, receipts.
bookkeeping, accounting, double entry bookkeeping, reckoning.
audit.
[person who keeps accounts] accountant, auditor, actuary, bookkeeper,
bean counter [derogatory]; financier &c. 801; accounting party; chartered
accountant, certified accountant; accounting firm, auditing firm.
V. keep accounts, enter, post, book, credit, debit, carry over; take
stock; balance accounts, make up accounts, square accounts, settle
accounts, wind up accounts, cast up accounts; make accounts square, square
accounts.
bring to book, tax, surcharge and falsify.
audit, field audit; check the books, verify accounts.
falsify an account, garble an account, cook an account, cook the
books, doctor an account.
Adj. monetary &c.800; accountable, accounting.

<-- tax, value and cost should have separate entries -->
#812. Price.-- N. price, amount, cost, expense, prime cost, charge,
figure; demand, damage; fare, hire, wages &c. (remuneration) 973; value &c.
812a.
dues, duty, toll, tax, impost, cess[obs3], sess[obs3], tallage[obs3],
levy; abkari[obs3]; capitation tax, poll tax; doomage [obs3][U.S.],
likin[obs3]; gabel[obs3], gabelle[obs3]; gavel, octroi[obs3], custom,
excise, assessment, benevolence, tithe, tenths, exactment[obs3], ransom,
salvage, tariff; brokerage, wharfage, freightage.
bill &c. (account) 811; shot.
V. bear a price, set a price, fix a price; appraise, assess, doom
[U.S.], price, charge, demand, ask, require, exact, run up; distrain; run
up a bill &c. (debt) 806; have one's price; liquidate.
amount to, come to, mount up to; stand one in.
fetch, sell for, cost, bring in, yield, afford.
Adj. priced &c. v.; to the tune of, ad valorem; dutiable; mercenary,
venal.
Phr. no penny no paternoster[Lat]; point d'argent point de Suisse[Fr],
no longer pipe no longer dance, no song no supper, if you dance you have to
pay the piper, you get what you pay for, there's no such thing as a free
lunch.
one may have it for; a bon marche[Fr].

#812a. Value [intrinsic worth] -- N. {ant. to 812b} worth, rate,
value, intrinsic value, quality; par value.
[estimated value] valuation, appraisal, assessment, appraisement.
[value as estimated in a market] price current, market price,
quotation; fair price, going price; what it will fetch &c. v.; what the
market will bear.
money's worth; penny &c. worth.
cost (price) 812.
V. value[transitive], esteem; appreciate.
[estimate value] appraise, evaluate, assess.
Adj. valuable, estimable; worthwhile; worthy, full of worth.
precious (expensive) 814.
Phr. worth the price; worth a king's ransom; accountants who know the
price of everything and the value of nothing.

#812b. Worthlessness -- N. {ant. to 812a} worthlessness,
valuelessness[obs3]; lack of value; uselessness.
[low value] cheapness, shoddiness; low quality, poor quality.
[worthless item] trash, garbage.
Adj. worthless, valueless; useless.
[of low value] cheap, shoddy; slapdash.
inexpensive &c. 815.
Phr. not worth the paper it's printed on, not worth a sou.

#813. Discount.-- N. discount, abatement, concession, reduction,
depreciation, allowance; qualification, set-off, drawback, poundage,
agio[obs3], percentage; rebate, rebatement[obs3]; backwardation,
contango[obs3]; salvage; tare and tret[obs3].
sale, bargain; half price; price war.
wholesale, wholesale price; dealer's price; trade price.
coupon, discount coupon, cents-off coupon; store coupon,
manufacturer's coupon; double coupon discount, triple coupon discount.
V. discount, bate; abate, rebate; reduce, price down, mark down take
off, allow, give, make allowance; tax.
Adj. discounting &c. v.
Adv. at a discount, below par; at wholesale; have a friend in the
business.

#814. Dearness.-- N. dearness &c. adj.; high price, famine price,
fancy price; overcharge; extravagance; exorbitance, extortion; heavy pull
upon the purse.
V. be dear &c. adj.; cost much, cost a pretty penny; rise in price,
look up.
[demand a price in excess of value] overcharge, bleed, fleece, extort.
[pay a price in excess of value] pay too much, pay through the nose,
pay too dear for one's whistle, pay top dollar.
Adj. dear; high, high priced; of great price, expensive, costly,
precious; worth a Jew's eye|!, dear bought.
at a premium.
not to be had, not to be had for love or money; beyond price, above
price, priceless, of priceless value.
[priced in excess of value] unreasonable, extravagant, exorbitant,
extortionate; overpriced, more than it's woth.
Adv. dear, dearly; at great cost, heavy cost; a grands frais[Fr].
Phr. prices looking up; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle[French]; le
cout en ote le gout[Fr]; vel prece vel pretio[Lat][obs3]; too high a price
to pay, not worth it.

<-- p. 270 -->

#815. Cheapness.-- N. cheapness, low price; depreciation; bargain;
good penny &c. worth; snap [U.S.].
[Absence of charge] gratuity; free quarters, free seats, free
admission, pass, free pass, free warren, give-away, freebee [coll.]; run of
one's teeth; nominal price, peppercorn rent; labor of love.
drug in the market; deadhead[obs3].
V. be cheap &c. adj.; cost little; come down in price, fall in price.
buy for a mere nothing, buy for an old song; have one's money's worth.
Adj. cheap; low, low priced; moderate, reasonable; inexpensive,
unexpensive[obs3]; well worth the money, worth the money; magnifique et pas
cher[French]; good at the price, cheap at the price; dirt cheap, dog cheap;
cheap, cheap as dirt, cheap and nasty; catchpenny; discounted &c. 813.
half-price, depreciated, unsalable.
gratuitous, gratis, free, for nothing; costless, expenseless[obs3];
without charge, not charged, untaxed; scotfree, shotfree[obs3], rent-free;
free of cost, free of expense; honorary, unbought, unpaid.
Adv. for a mere song, for a song; at cost, at cost price, at prime
cost, at a reduction; a bon marche[Fr].

#816. Liberality.-- N. liberality, generosity, munificence; bounty,
bounteousness, bountifulness; hospitality; charity &c. (beneficence) 906.
V. be liberal &c.adj.; spend freely, bleed freely; shower down upon;
open one's purse strings &c. (disburse) 809; spare no expense, give carte
blanche[Fr].
Adj. liberal, free, generous; charitable &c. (beneficent) 906;
hospitable; bountiful, bounteous; handsome; unsparing, ungrudging;
unselfish; open handed, free handed, full handed; open hearted, large
hearted, free hearted; munificent, princely.
overpaid.
Phr. "handsome is that handsome does" [Goldsmith].

#817. Economy.-- N. economy, frugality; thrift, thriftiness; care,
husbandry, good housewifery, savingness[obs3], retrenchment.
savings; prevention of waste, save-all; cheese parings and candle
ends; parsimony &c. 819.
cost-cutting, cost control.
V. be economical &c. adj.; practice economy; economize, save;
retrench, cut back expenses, cut expenses; cut one's coat according to
one's cloth, make both ends meet, keep within compass, meet one's expenses,
pay one's way, pay as you go; husband &c. (lay by) 636.
save money, invest money; put out to interest; provide for a rainy
day, save for a rainy day, provide against a rainy day, save against a
rainy day; feather one's nest; look after the main chance.
cut costs.
Adj. economical, frugal, careful, thrifty, saving, chary, spare,
sparing; parsimonious &c.819.
underpaid.
Adv. sparingly &c. adj.; ne quid nimis[Lat].
Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit[Latin]; magnum est vectigal
parsimonia [Latin][Cicero].

#817a. Greed [excessive desire] -- N. covetousness, ravenousness &c.
adj.; venality, avidity, cupidity; acquisitiveness (acquisition) 775;
desire &c. 865.
[greed for money or material things] greed, greediness, avarice,
avidity, rapacity, extortion.
selfishness &c.943; auri sacra fames[Lat].
grasping, craving, canine appetite, rapacity.
V. covet, crave (desire) 865; grasp; exact, extort.
Adj. greedy, avaricious, covetous, acquisitive, grasping; rapacious;
lickerish[obs3].
greedy as a hog; overeager; voracious; ravenous, ravenous as a wolf;
openmouthed, extortionate, exacting, sordid|!, alieni appetens[Lat];
insatiable, insatiate; unquenchable, quenchless; omnivorous.

#818. Prodigality.-- N. prodigality, prodigence|; unthriftiness[obs3],
waste; profusion, profuseness; extravagance; squandering &c. v.;
malversation.
prodigal; spendthrift, waste thrift; losel[obs3], squanderer[obs3],
locust; high roller* [U.S.].
V. be prodigal &c. adj.; squander, lavish, sow broadcast; pour forth
like water; blow, blow in*; pay through the nose &c. (dear) 814; spill,
waste, dissipate, exhaust, drain, eat out of house and home, overdraw,
outrun the constable; run out, run through; misspend; throw good money
after bad, throw the helve after the hatchet[obs3]; burn the candle at both
ends; make ducks and drakes of one's money; fool away one's money, potter
away one's money, muddle away one's money, fritter away one's money, throw
away one's money, run through one's money; pour water into a sieve, kill
the goose that lays the golden eggs; manger son ble en herbe[Fr].
Adj. prodigal, profuse, thriftless, unthrifty, improvident, wasteful,
losel[obs3], extravagant, lavish, dissipated, overliberal; full-handed &c.
(liberal) 816.
penny wise and pound foolish.
Adv. with an unsparing hand; money burning a hole in one's pocket.
Phr. amor nummi [Latin]; facile largiri de alieno[Lat]; wie gewonnen
so zerronnen [German]; les fous font les festins et les sages les mangent
[French]; "spendthrift alike of money and of wit" [Cowper]; "squandering
wealth was his peculiar art" [Dryden].

<-- p. 271 -->
<-- separate greed, acquisitiveness => 817a from parsimony, frugality -->

#819. Parsimony.-- N. parsimony, parcity|; parsimoniousness[obs3],
stinginess &c. adj.; stint; illiberality, tenacity.
avarice, greed &c. 817a.
miser, niggard, churl, screw, skinflint, crib, codger, muckworm[obs3],
scrimp, lickpenny[obs3], hunks, curmudgeon, Harpagon, harpy, extortioner,
Jew, usurer; Hessian [U.S.]; pinch fist, pinch penny.
V. be parsimonious &c. adj.; grudge, begrudge, stint, pinch, gripe,
screw, dole out, hold back, withhold, starve, famish, live upon nothing,
skin a flint.
drive a bargain, drive a hard bargain; cheapen, beat down; stop one
hole in a sieve; have an itching palm, grasp, grab.
Adj. parsimonious, penurious, stingy, miserly, mean, shabby, peddling,
scrubby, penny wise, near, niggardly, close; fast handed, close handed,
strait handed; close fisted, hard fisted, tight fisted; tight, sparing;
chary; grudging, griping &c. v.; illiberal, ungenerous, churlish,
hidebound, sordid, mercenary, venal, covetous, usurious, avaricious,
greedy, extortionate, rapacious.
Adv. with a sparing hand.
Phr. desunt inopioe multa avaritiae omnia [Latin][Syrus]; "hoards
after hoards his rising raptures fill" [Goldsmith]; "the unsunn'd heaps of
miser's treasures" [Milton].

<-- p. 272 -->

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CLASS VI
WORDS RELATION TO THE SENTIMENT AND MORAL POWERS

Section I. Affections in General
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#820. Affections. -- N. affections, affect; character, qualities,
disposition, nature, spirit, tone; temper, temperament; diathesis[obs3],
idiosyncrasy; cast of mind, cast of soul, habit of mind, habit of soul,
frame of mind, frame of soul; predilection, turn, natural turn of mind;
bent, bias, predisposition, proneness, proclivity, propensity,
propenseness[obs3], propension[obs3], propendency|; vein, humor, mood,
grain, mettle; sympathy &c. (love) 897.
soul, heart, breast, bosom, inner man; heart's core, heart's strings,
heart's blood; heart of hearts, bottom of one's heart, penetralia
mentis[Lat]; secret and inmost recesses of the heart, cockles of one's
heart; inmost heart, inmost soul; backbone.
passion, pervading spirit; ruling passion, master passion;
furore[obs3]; fullness of the heart, heyday of the blood, flesh and blood,
flow of soul.
energy, fervor, fire, force.
V.